The Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Three Dental Universal Adhesives-An In Vitro Study

Adam Wawrzynkiewicz, Wioletta Rozpedek-Kaminska, Grzegorz Galita, Monika Lukomska-Szymanska, Barbara Lapinska, Jerzy Sokolowski, Ireneusz Majsterek, Adam Wawrzynkiewicz, Wioletta Rozpedek-Kaminska, Grzegorz Galita, Monika Lukomska-Szymanska, Barbara Lapinska, Jerzy Sokolowski, Ireneusz Majsterek

Abstract

Dental universal adhesives are considered an useful tool in modern dentistry as they can be used in different etching techniques, allow for simplified protocol and provide sufficient bond strength. However, there is still no consensus as to their toxicity towards pulp. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of three universal adhesives: OptiBond Universal, Prime&Bond Universal and Adhese in an in vitro experimental model, monocyte/macrophage cell line SC (ATCC CRL-9855). The cytotoxicity was measured by means of XTT assay, whereas the genotoxicity (comet assay) was evaluated based on the percentage of DNA present in the comet tail. Furthermore, the ability of the adhesives to induce apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometry (FC) with the FITC annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double staining. The analysis of the cell cycle progression was performed with FC using PI staining. OptiBond Universal presented significant, while Prime&Bond Universal and Adhese Universal had minimal cytotoxicity and genotoxicity towards human SC cells. Moreover, only OptiBond Universal increased the level of apoptosis in SC cell line. None of the adhesives showed significant cell cycle arrest, as revealed by FC analysis. Due to substantial differences in toxicity in in vitro studies of dental adhesives, there is a great need for further research in order to establish more reliable test protocols allowing for standardized methodology.

Keywords: cytotoxicity; dental materials; dental universal adhesives; flow cytometry; genotoxicity.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Cytotoxicity of the investigated adhesives. *** p < 0.001 versus negative control.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Genotoxicity of the investigated adhesives. *** p < 0.001 versus negative control.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Flow cytometric FITC annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double staining analysis of apoptosis. (a) negative control; (b) positive control; (c) OptiBond Universal; (d) Prime&Bond Universal; (e) Adhese Universal. Dot plot graphs indicate the percentage of viable (FITC annexin V negative, PI negative), early apoptotic (FITC annexin V positive, PI negative) late apoptotic (FITC annexin V positive, PI positive) and necrotic (FITC annexin V negative, PI positive) cells.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Flow cytometry (FC) analysis of cell cycle progression. (a) negative control; (b) positive control; (c) OptiBond Universal; (d) Prime&Bond Universal; (e) Adhese Universal. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 versus negative control.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Flow cytometry (FC) analysis of cell cycle progression. (a) negative control; (b) positive control; (c) OptiBond Universal; (d) Prime&Bond Universal; (e) Adhese Universal. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 versus negative control.

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Source: PubMed

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