Effects of dihydrocapsiate on adaptive and diet-induced thermogenesis with a high protein very low calorie diet: a randomized control trial

Tszying Amy Lee, Zhaoping Li, Alona Zerlin, David Heber, Tszying Amy Lee, Zhaoping Li, Alona Zerlin, David Heber

Abstract

Background: Dihydrocapsiate (DCT) is a natural safe food ingredient which is structurally related to capsaicin from chili pepper and is found in the non-pungent pepper strain, CH-19 Sweet. It has been shown to elicit the thermogenic effects of capsaicin but without its gastrointestinal side effects.

Methods: The present study was designed to examine the effects of DCT on both adaptive thermogenesis as the result of caloric restriction with a high protein very low calorie diet (VLCD) and to determine whether DCT would increase post-prandial energy expenditure (PPEE) in response to a 400 kcal/60 g protein liquid test meal. Thirty-three subjects completed an outpatient very low calorie diet (800 kcal/day providing 120 g/day protein) over 4 weeks and were randomly assigned to receive either DCT capsules three times per day (3 mg or 9 mg) or placebo. At baseline and 4 weeks, fasting basal metabolic rate and PPEE were measured in a metabolic hood and fat free mass (FFM) determined using displacement plethysmography (BOD POD).

Results: PPEE normalized to FFM was increased significantly in subjects receiving 9 mg/day DCT by comparison to placebo (p < 0.05), but decreases in resting metabolic rate were not affected. Respiratory quotient (RQ) increased by 0.04 in the placebo group (p < 0.05) at end of the 4 weeks, but did not change in groups receiving DCT.

Conclusions: These data provide evidence for postprandial increases in thermogenesis and fat oxidation secondary to administration of dihydrocapsiate.

Trial registration: clinicaltrial.govNCT01142687.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Change of body weight (A) and fat mass (B). Fat mass was determined by BODPOD. Values are shown mean and SE.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Average basal metabolic rate (BMR) at day 0 to day 28.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Individual change of basal metabolic rate (BMR) from day 0 to day 28.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Post-prandial energy expenditure (PPEE) at day 0 (A) and day 28 (B). Change (from 0 h) in PPEE adjusted by fat free mass (PPEE/FFM). FFM was determined by BODPOD. Values are shown mean and SE. * represents a significant difference (P < 0.05) when compared vs. placebo.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Changes of average of energy expenditure adjusted by fat free mass (PPEE/FFM) from 1 h to 4 h during diet induced thermogenesis at Day 28. FFM was determined by BODPOD. Values are shown mean and SE. * represents a significant difference (P < 0.05) when compared vs. placebo.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Changes of average of respiratory quotient (RQ) from 1 h to 4 h during diet induced thermogenesis at Day 28. Values are shown mean and SE. * represents a significant difference (P < 0.05) when compared vs. placebo.

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