Effects of electroacupuncture of different frequencies on the release profile of endogenous opioid peptides in the central nerve system of goats

Li-Li Cheng, Ming-Xing Ding, Cheng Xiong, Min-Yan Zhou, Zheng-Ying Qiu, Qiong Wang, Li-Li Cheng, Ming-Xing Ding, Cheng Xiong, Min-Yan Zhou, Zheng-Ying Qiu, Qiong Wang

Abstract

To investigate the release profile of met-enkephalin, β-endorphin, and dynorphin-A in ruminants' CNS, goats were stimulated by electroacupuncture of 0, 2, 40, 60, 80, or 100 Hz for 30 min. The pain threshold was measured using potassium iontophoresis. The peptide levels were determined with SABC immunohistochemisty. The results showed that 60 Hz increased pain threshold by 91%; its increasing rate was higher (P < 0.01) than any other frequency did. 2 Hz and 100 Hz increased met-enkephalin immunoactivities (P < 0.05) in nucleus accumbens, septal area, caudate nucleus, amygdala, paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray, dorsal raphe nucleus, and locus ceruleus. The two frequencies elicited β-endorphin release (P < 0.05) in nucleus accumbens, septal area, supraoptic nucleus, ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray, dorsal raphe nucleus, locus ceruleus, solitary nucleus and amygdala. 60 Hz increased (P < 0.05) met-enkephalin or β-endorphin immunoactivities in the nuclei and areas mentioned above, and habenular nucleus, substantia nigra, parabrachial nucleus, and nucleus raphe magnus. High frequencies increased dynorphin-A release (P < 0.05) in spinal cord dorsal horn and most analgesia-related nuclei. It suggested that 60 Hz induced the simultaneous release of the three peptides in extensive analgesia-related nuclei and areas of the CNS, which may be contributive to optimal analgesic effects and species variation.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Brain sectionalization: (A) the residual part of the olfactory bulbs, (B) optic chiasm, (C) mamillary body, (D) cerebral peduncles, (E) Pons and (F) medulla oblongata. In the sections nuclei or areas: nucleus accumbens, septal area and caudate nucleus in S2, supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus, and ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus in S4, arcuate nucleus and amygdala in S5, habenular nucleus in S6, periaqueductal gray in S8, dorsal raphe nucleus and substantia nigra in S9, parabrachial nucleus and locus ceruleus in S10, nucleus raphe magnus in S13, solitary nucleus in S14, gigantocellular reticular nucleus in S15, and spinal cord dorsal horn in S17 are located.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Pain threshold of goats stimulated by different frequencies (mean ± SD, %, n = 7). The same letter indicated that no significant difference in pain threshold between two frequencies (P > 0.05), and different letter indicated significant difference (P < 0.05).

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