Prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Nepal: a systematic review and meta-analysis from 2000 to 2014

Bishal Gyawali, Rajan Sharma, Dinesh Neupane, Shiva Raj Mishra, Edwin van Teijlingen, Per Kallestrup, Bishal Gyawali, Rajan Sharma, Dinesh Neupane, Shiva Raj Mishra, Edwin van Teijlingen, Per Kallestrup

Abstract

Background: Understanding the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Nepal can help in planning for health services and recognising risk factors. This review aims to systematically identify and collate studies describing the prevalence of type 2 diabetes, to summarise the findings, and to explore selected factors that may influence prevalence estimates.

Design: This systematic review was conducted in adherence to the MOOSE Guidelines for Meta-Analysis and Systematic Reviews of Observational Studies. Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (MEDLINE) database from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2014 was searched for the prevalence of type 2 diabetes among Nepalese populations with a combination of search terms. We exploded the search terms to include all possible synonyms and spellings obtained in the search strategy. Additionally, we performed a manual search for other articles and references of published articles.

Results: We found 65 articles; 10 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the analyses. These 10 studies comprised a total of 30,218 subjects. The sample size ranged from 489 to 14,009. All the studies used participants older than age 15, of whom 41.5% were male and 58.5% female. All the studies were cross-sectional and two were hospital-based. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes ranged from a minimum of 1.4% to a maximum of 19.0% and pooled prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 8.4% (95% CI: 6.2-10.5%). Prevalence of type 2 diabetes in urban and rural populations was 8.1% (95% CI: 7.3-8.9%) and 1.0% (95% CI: 0.7-1.3%), respectively.

Conclusions: This is, to our knowledge, the first study to systematically evaluate the literature of prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Nepal. Results showed that type 2 diabetes is currently a high-burden disease in Nepal, suggesting a possible area to deliberately expand preventive interventions as well as efforts to control the disease.

Keywords: South Asia; epidemiology; prevalence; systematic review; type 2 diabetes.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Prevalence of type 2 diabetes in South Asia. Source: International Diabetes Federation, 2012.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Flow diagram of study.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Nepal.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Funnel plot with 95% confidence limits showing the prevalence (p) of type 2 diabetes in each study by the standard error (s.e.) of the studies.

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Source: PubMed

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