Effect of Health Education on Female Teachers' Knowledge and Practices Regarding Early Breast Cancer Detection and Screening in the Jazan Area: a Quasi-Experimental Study
Anwar Alameer, Mohamed Salih Mahfouz, Yahya Alamir, Nasir Ali, Abdulaziz Darraj, Anwar Alameer, Mohamed Salih Mahfouz, Yahya Alamir, Nasir Ali, Abdulaziz Darraj
Abstract
Educational programs are important tools for breast cancer prevention. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of health education in improving the knowledge and practices of female teachers regarding screening tools and the early detection of breast cancer. A two-group quasi-experimental design was conducted among 150 female teachers, who were selected from 75 schools of the Jazan General Administration of Education. Schools were chosen by a simple cluster randomization method and non-randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. Eligible participants were recruited by a simple randomization method, proportional to the total number of teachers at each school. Those in the intervention group (n = 75) were compared to the control group (n = 75) at baseline, as well as at 6 weeks and 3 months post-intervention. Knowledge of breast cancer screening tools was measured using a modified version of the Breast Cancer Knowledge test. Breast self-examination, clinical breast examination, and mammography practices were also measured. Compared to the control group, the intervention group showed a statistically significant increase in knowledge and practice levels at both 6 weeks and 3 months post-intervention. Thus, the results of this study provide evidence that group health education programs are effective in improving breast cancer knowledge and practices in female teachers. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT03398057 .
Keywords: Breast cancer screening; Breast self-examination; Clinical breast examination; Health education; Mammography.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
References
- World Health Organization (2018) Breast cancer: prevention and control. Accessed 7 April 2018
- Saudi Cancer Registry (2014) Cancer registry report. Accessed 7 April 2018
- Ibrahim EM, Zeeneldin AA, Sadiq BB, Ezzat AA. The present and the future of breast cancer burden in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Med Oncol. 2008;25:387–393. doi: 10.1007/s12032-008-9051-5.
- Abolfotouh MA, BaniMustafa AA, Mahfouz AA, Al-Assiri MH, Al-Juhani AF, Alaskar AS. Using the health belief model to predict breast self examination among Saudi women. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:1163. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-2510-y.
- El Bcheraoui C, Basulaiman M, Wilson S, Daoud F, Tuffaha M, AlMazroa MA, Memish ZA, Al Saeedi M, Mokdad AH. Breast cancer screening in Saudi Arabia: free but almost no takers. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0119051. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119051.
- Alam AA. Knowledge of breast cancer and its risk and protective factors among women in Riyadh. Ann Saudi Med. 2006;26:272–277. doi: 10.5144/0256-4947.2006.272.
- Amin TT, Al Mulhim AR, Al Meqihwi A. Breast cancer knowledge, risk factors and screening among adult Saudi women in a primary health care setting. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2009;10:133–138.
- Kashgari RH, Ibrahim AM. Breast cancer: attitude, knowledge and practice of breast self examination of 157 Saudi women. J Family Community Med. 1996;3:10–13.
- Himes DO, Root AE, Gammon A, Luthy KE. Breast cancer risk assessment: calculating lifetime risk using the Tyrer-Cuzick model. JNP. 2016;12:581–592.
- Ministry of Health (2018) Breast cancer. Accessed 7 April 2018
- Taha H, Nyström L, Al-Qutob R, Berggren V, Esmaily H, Wahlström R. Home visits to improve breast health knowledge and screening practices in a less privileged area in Jordan. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:428. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-428.
- Akhtari-Zavare M, Juni MH, Said SM, Ismail IZ, Latiff LA, Eshkoor SA. Result of randomized control trial to increase breast health awareness among young females in Malaysia. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:738. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3414-1.
- Vithana PC, Ariyaratne M, Jayawardana PL. Educational intervention on breast cancer early detection: effectiveness among target group women in the district of Gampaha, Sri Lanka. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16:2547–2553. doi: 10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.6.2547.
- Heydari E, Noroozi A. Comparison of two different educational methods for teachers’ mammography based on the health belief model. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16:6981–6986. doi: 10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.16.6981.
- Wang JH, Schwartz MD, Luta G, Maxwell AE, Mandelblatt JS. Intervention tailoring for Chinese American women: comparing the effects of two videos on knowledge, attitudes and intentions to obtain a mammogram. Health Educ Res. 2012;27:523–536. doi: 10.1093/her/cys007.
- Avci IA, Gozum S. Comparison of two different educational methods on teachers’ knowledge, beliefs and behaviors regarding breast cancer screening. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2009;13:94–101. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2009.01.004.
- McCance KL, Mooney KH, Smith KR, Field R. Validity and reliability of a breast cancer knowledge test. Am J Prev Med. 1990;6:93–98. doi: 10.1016/S0749-3797(18)31030-4.
- Guilford K (2011) Breast cancer knowledge, beliefs, and screening behaviors of college women: utilization of the health belief model. Dissertation. The University of Alabama
- Champion VL. Breast self-examination in women 35 and older: a prospective study. J Behav Med. 1990;13:523–539. doi: 10.1007/BF00844733.
- de Oliveira Rosy Denyse Pinheiro, Santos Míria Conceição Lavinas, Moreira Camila Brasil, Fernandes Ana Fátima Carvalho. Detection of Breast Cancer: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Family Health Strategy Women. Journal of Cancer Education. 2017;33(5):1082–1087. doi: 10.1007/s13187-017-1209-4.
- Rickheim PL, Weaver TW, Flader JL, Kendall DM. Assessment of group versus individual diabetes education: a randomized study. Diabetes Care. 2002;25:269–274. doi: 10.2337/diacare.25.2.269.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018) Infrastructure Development Tools: Logic Models. Accessed 7 April 2018
Source: PubMed