Neurophysiological markers of network dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases

Roisin McMackin, Peter Bede, Niall Pender, Orla Hardiman, Bahman Nasseroleslami, Roisin McMackin, Peter Bede, Niall Pender, Orla Hardiman, Bahman Nasseroleslami

Abstract

There is strong clinical, imaging and pathological evidence that neurodegeneration is associated with altered brain connectivity. While functional imaging (fMRI) can detect resting and activated states of metabolic activity, its use is limited by poor temporal resolution, cost and confounding vascular parameters. By contrast, electrophysiological (e.g. EEG/MEG) recordings provide direct measures of neural activity with excellent temporal resolution, and source localization methodologies can address problems of spatial resolution, permitting measurement of functional activity of brain networks with a spatial resolution similar to that of fMRI. This opens an exciting therapeutic approach focussed on pharmacological and physiological modulation of brain network activity. This review describes current neurophysiological approaches towards evaluating cortical network dysfunction in common neurodegenerative disorders. It explores how modern neurophysiologic tools can provide markers for diagnosis, prognosis, subcategorization and clinical trial outcome measures, and how modulation of brain networks can contribute to new therapeutic approaches.

Keywords: Biomarker; EEG; MEG; Network; Neurodegeneration; TMS.

Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The transformation of a digitised EEG signal into a frequency power spectrum.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
EEG signal processing avenues for resting-state and task-based paradigms, the quantitative measures obtained and sample interpretations in neurodegenerative disease.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Schematic of a single-pulse TMS procedure and the quantitative characteristics of the resulting motor evoked potential.

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