Join the Commune: A Controlled Study of Social Branding Influencers to Decrease Smoking Among Young Adult Hipsters

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of a Social Branding intervention in bars and nightclubs on smoking behavior.

Design: Quasi-experimental controlled study.

Setting: Bars and nightclubs in San Diego and San Francisco (intervention) and Los Angeles (control).

Participants: "Hipster" young adults (age 18-26) attending bars and nightclubs.

Intervention: Anti-tobacco messages delivered through monthly anti-tobacco music/social events, opinion leaders, original art, direct mail, promotional activities, and online media.

Measures: A total of 7240 surveys were collected in 3 cities using randomized time location sampling at baseline (2012-2013) and follow-up (2015-2016); data were analyzed in 2018. The primary outcome was current smoking.

Analysis: Multivariable logistic regression assessed correlates of smoking, adjusting for covariates including electronic cigarette use; differences between cities were evaluated using location-by-time interactions.

Results: Smoking in San Francisco decreased at a significantly faster rate (51.1%-44.1%) than Los Angeles (45.2%-44.5%) (P = .034). Smoking in San Diego (mean: 39.6%) was significantly lower than Los Angeles (44.8%, P < .001) at both time points with no difference in rate of change. Brand recall was not associated with smoking behavior, but recall was associated with anti-tobacco attitudes that were associated with smoking.

Conclusion: This is the first controlled study of Social Branding interventions. Intervention implementation was accompanied by decreases in smoking (San Francisco) and sustained lower smoking (San Diego) among young adult bar patrons over 3 years.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01686178.

Keywords: bars; prevention; smoking; young adult.

Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Conflicting Interests

The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Jeff Jordan is an employee of Rescue Agency, which implemented the intervention in this study.

Figures

Figure 1.

Examples of commune branded promotional materials and art updated for implementation in San Francisco.

Figure 2.

Current smoking prevalence at baseline and follow-up. The smoking rate in San Diego was significantly lower than Los Angeles, but the rate of smoking decline was not significantly different (left); there was a significantly greater rate of decline in smoking in San Francisco compared to Los Angeles (right).