Antioxidative and Antidiabetic Effects of Natural Polyphenols and Isoflavones

Aya Umeno, Masanori Horie, Kazutoshi Murotomi, Yoshihiro Nakajima, Yasukazu Yoshida, Aya Umeno, Masanori Horie, Kazutoshi Murotomi, Yoshihiro Nakajima, Yasukazu Yoshida

Abstract

Many polyphenols that contain more than two phenolic hydroxyl groups are natural antioxidants and can provide health benefits to humans. These polyphenols include, for example, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, catechin, chlorogenic acids, hesperidin, nobiletin, and isoflavones. These have been studied widely because of their strong radical-scavenging and antioxidative effects. These effects may contribute to the prevention of diseases, such as diabetes. Insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and homeostasis are important factors in the onset of diabetes, a disease that is associated with dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells. Oxidative stress is thought to contribute to this dysfunction and the effects of antioxidants on the pathogenesis of diabetes have, therefore, been investigated. Here, we summarize the antioxidative effects of polyphenols from the perspective of their radical-scavenging activities as well as their effects on signal transduction pathways. We also describe the preventative effects of polyphenols on diabetes by referring to recent studies including those reported by us. Appropriate analytical approaches for evaluating antioxidants in studies on the prevention of diabetes are comprehensively reviewed.

Keywords: catechin; chlorogenic acids; diabetes; glucose tolerance; hesperidin; hydroxytyrosol; insulin secretion; isoflavone; oleuropein; oxidative stress.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Assessment of (a) amount of radicals scavenged by antioxidant (stoichiometric number of antioxidants (n)) and (b) the effectiveness of radical-scavenging (RIH).
Figure 2
Figure 2
The preventative effect of polyphenol at each stage of diabetes.

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Source: PubMed

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