A Systematic Review of the Impact of Physicians' Occupational Well-Being on the Quality of Patient Care

Renée A Scheepers, Benjamin C M Boerebach, Onyebuchi A Arah, Maas Jan Heineman, Kiki M J M H Lombarts, Renée A Scheepers, Benjamin C M Boerebach, Onyebuchi A Arah, Maas Jan Heineman, Kiki M J M H Lombarts

Abstract

Background: It is widely held that the occupational well-being of physicians may affect the quality of their patient care. Yet, there is still no comprehensive synthesis of the evidence on this connection.

Purpose: This systematic review studied the effect of physicians' occupational well-being on the quality of patient care.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and PsychINFO from inception until August 2014. Two authors independently reviewed the studies. Empirical studies that explored the association between physicians' occupational well-being and patient care quality were considered eligible. Data were systematically extracted on study design, participants, measurements, and findings. The Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) was used to assess study quality.

Results: Ultimately, 18 studies were included. Most studies employed an observational design and were of average quality. Most studies reported positive associations of occupational well-being with patient satisfaction, patient adherence to treatment, and interpersonal aspects of patient care. Studies reported conflicting findings for occupational well-being in relation to technical aspects of patient care. One study found no association between occupational well-being and patient health outcomes.

Conclusions: The association between physicians' occupational well-being and health care's ultimate goal-improved patient health-remains understudied. Nonetheless, research up till date indicated that physicians' occupational well-being can contribute to better patient satisfaction and interpersonal aspects of care. These insights may help in shaping the policies on physicians' well-being and quality of care.

Keywords: Job satisfaction; Occupational well-being; Patient satisfaction; Physicians; Quality of patient care.

Conflict of interest statement

Funders had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report. Authors R.A. Scheepers, O.A. Arah, M.J. Heineman, and M.J.M.H Lombarts declare that they have no conflict of interests. This review investigated and synthesized previously published studies; no animal or human subjects were studied for this article.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow chart of the review process

References

    1. Tsutsumi A. Occupational health—items on the research agenda. Int J Behav Med 2011. Springer US. 2011;293–4.
    1. Wallace JE, Lemaire JB, Ghali WA. Physician wellness: a missing quality indicator. Lancet. 2009;374(9702):1714–1721. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61424-0.
    1. Prins JT, Gazendam‐Donofrio SM, Tubben BJ, Van Der Heijden FM, Van De Wiel H, Hoekstra‐Weebers JE. Burnout in medical residents: a review. Med Educ. 2007;41(8):788–800. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2007.02797.x.
    1. Prins JT, Hoekstra-Weebers J, Van de Wiel H, et al. Burnout among Dutch medical residents. Int J Behav Med. 2007;14(3):119–125. doi: 10.1007/BF03000182.
    1. Dyrbye LN, Varkey P, Boone SL, Satele DV, Sloan JA, Shanafelt TD, editors. Physician satisfaction and burnout at different career stages. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013; doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.07.016.
    1. Shanafelt TD, Balch CM, Bechamps G, et al. Burnout and medical errors among American surgeons. Ann Surg. 2010;251(6):995–1000. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181bfdab3.
    1. Shanafelt TD, Bradley KA, Wipf JE, Back AL. Burnout and self-reported patient care in an internal medicine residency program. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136(5):358–367. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-136-5-200203050-00008.
    1. Halbesleben JRB, Rathert C. Linking physician burnout and patient outcomes: exploring physicians and patients. Health Care Manag Rev. 2008;33(1):29–39. doi: 10.1097/01.HMR.0000304493.87898.72.
    1. Williams ES, Skinner AC. Outcomes of physician job satisfaction: a narrative review, implications, and directions for future research. Health Care Manag Rev. 2003;28(2):119–139. doi: 10.1097/00004010-200304000-00004.
    1. van den Hombergh P, Kunzi B, Elwyn G, et al. High workload and job stress are associated with lower practice performance in general practice: an observational study in 239 general practices in the Netherlands. BMC Health Serv Res. 2009;9:118. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-9-118.
    1. Linn LS, Brook RH, Clark VA, Davies AR, Fink A, Kosecoff J. Physician and patient satisfaction as factors related to the organization of internal medicine group practices. Med Care. 1985;23(10):1171–1178. doi: 10.1097/00005650-198510000-00006.
    1. Horn JE, Taris TW, Schaufeli WB, Schreurs PJG. The structure of occupational well-being: a study among Dutch teachers. J Occup Organ Psychol. 2004;77(3):365–375. doi: 10.1348/0963179041752718.
    1. Xanthopoulou D, Bakker AB, Ilies R. Everyday working life: explaining within-person fluctuations in employee well-being. Hum Relat. 2012;65(9):1051–1069. doi: 10.1177/0018726712451283.
    1. Mathieu JE, Farr JL. Further evidence for the discriminant validity of measures of organizational commitment, job involvement, and job satisfaction. J Appl Psychol. 1991;76(1):127–133. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.76.1.127.
    1. Hallberg UE, Schaufeli WB. “Same same” but different? Eur Psychol. 2006;11(2):119–127. doi: 10.1027/1016-9040.11.2.119.
    1. Schaufeli WB, Taris TW, Van Rhenen W. Workaholism, burnout, and work engagement: three of a kind or three different kinds of employee well‐being? Appl Psychol. 2008;57(2):173–203. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2007.00285.x.
    1. Bovier PA, Perneger TV. Predictors of work satisfaction among physicians. Eur J Pub Health. 2003;13(4):299–305. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/13.4.299.
    1. Rizvi R, Raymer L, Kunik M, Fisher J. Facets of career satisfaction for women physicians in the United States: a systematic review. Women & Health; 3/28/2012: Routledge; 2012. p. 403–21.
    1. Scheurer D, McKean S, Miller J, Wetterneck T. U.S. physician satisfaction: a systematic review. J Hosp Med. 2009;4(9):560–568. doi: 10.1002/jhm.496.
    1. Prins JT, Hoekstra-Weebers JEHM, Gazendam-Donofrio SM, et al. Burnout and engagement among resident doctors in the Netherlands: a national study. Med Educ. 2010;44(3):236–247. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03590.x.
    1. Luthans F. The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior. J Organ Behav. 2002;23(6):695–706. doi: 10.1002/job.165.
    1. Luthans F. Positive organizational behavior: developing and managing psychological strengths. Acad Manag Exec. 2002;16(1):57–72. doi: 10.5465/AME.2002.6640181.
    1. Demerouti E, Taris TW, Bakker AB. Need for recovery, home-work interference and performance: is lack of concentration the link? J Vocat Behav. 2007;71(2):204–220. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2007.06.002.
    1. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009.
    1. Campbell SM, Roland MO, Buetow SA. Defining quality of care. Soc Sci Med. 2000;51:1611–1625. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00057-5.
    1. Lazar EJ, Fleischut P, Regan BK. Quality measurement in healthcare. Annu Rev Med. 2013
    1. Reed DA, Cook DA, Beckman TJ, Levine RB, Kern DE, Wright SM. Association between funding and quality of published medical education research. JAMA. 2007;298(9):1002–1009. doi: 10.1001/jama.298.9.1002.
    1. Reed DA, Beckman TJ, Wright SM, Levine RB, Kern DE, Cook DA. Predictive validity evidence for medical education research study quality instrument scores: quality of submissions to JGIM’s Medical Education Special Issue. J Gen Intern Med. 2008;23(7):903–907. doi: 10.1007/s11606-008-0664-3.
    1. Melville A. Job satisfaction in general practice: implications for prescribing. Soc Sci Med. 1980;14A:495–499.
    1. Williams ES, Manwell LB, Konrad TR, Linzer M. The relationship of organizational culture, stress, satisfaction, and burnout with physician-reported error and suboptimal patient care: results from the MEMO study. Health Care Manag Rev. 2007;32(3):203–212. doi: 10.1097/01.HMR.0000281626.28363.59.
    1. Grol R, Mokkink H, Smits A, et al. Work satisfaction of general practitioners and the quality of patient care. Fam Pract. 1985;2(3):128–135. doi: 10.1093/fampra/2.3.128.
    1. Perez-Carceles JE, Perenigues-Barranco EOCA, Luna-Maldonado A. The patient’s right to information: influence of socio-professional factors in primary care. Aten Primaria. 2006;37(2):69–77. doi: 10.1157/13084501.
    1. Grembowski D, Paschane D, Diehr P, Katon W, Martin D, Patrick DL. Managed care, physician job satisfaction, and the quality of primary care. J Gen Intern Med. 2005;20(3):271–277. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.32127.x.
    1. Haas JS, Cook EF, Puopolo AL, Burstin HR, Cleary PD, Brennan TA. Is the professional satisfaction of general internists associated with patient satisfaction? J Gen Intern Med. 2000;15(2):122–128. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2000.02219.x.
    1. Mache S, Vitzthum K, Klapp BF, Groneberg DA. Improving quality of medical treatment and care: are surgeons’ working conditions and job satisfaction associated to patient satisfaction? Langenbeck’s Arch Surg. 2012;397(6):973–982. doi: 10.1007/s00423-012-0963-3.
    1. Szecsenyi J, Goetz K, Campbell S, Broge B, Reuschenbach B, Wensing M. Is the job satisfaction of primary care team members associated with patient satisfaction? BMJ Qual Saf. 2011;20(6):508–514. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs.2009.038166.
    1. DiMatteo MR, Sherbourne CD, Hays RD, et al. Physicians’ characteristics influence patient adherence to medical treatment: results from the medical outcomes study. Health Psychol. 1993;12(2):93–102. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.12.2.93.
    1. Conway T, Hu TC, Daugherty SR. Physicians’ perceptions of managed care: a structural equation model assessment of key dimensions. Med Care. 1998;36(9):1430–1435. doi: 10.1097/00005650-199809000-00014.
    1. Frank E, Rimer BK, Brogan D, Elon L. U.S. women physicians’ personal and clinical breast cancer screening practices. J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 2000;9(7):791–801. doi: 10.1089/15246090050147763.
    1. DeVoe J, Fryer GE, Jr, Straub A, McCann J, Fairbrother G. Congruent satisfaction: is there geographic correlation between patient and physician satisfaction? Med Care. 2007;45(1):88–94. doi: 10.1097/01.mlr.0000241048.85215.8b.
    1. Deshpande SP, Deshpande SS. Antecedents of care by physicians. Health Care Manag. 2014;33(1):38–44.
    1. Prins JT, van der Heijden FM, Hoekstra-Weebers JE, et al. Burnout, engagement and resident physicians’ self-reported errors. Psychol Health Med. 2009;14(6):654–666. doi: 10.1080/13548500903311554.
    1. Linzer M, Manwell LB, Williams ES, et al. Working conditions in primary care: physician reactions and care quality. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151(1):28–29. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-151-1-200907070-00006.
    1. Utsugi-Ozaki M, Bito S, Matsumura S, Hayashino Y, Fukuhara S. Physician job satisfaction and quality of care among hospital employed physicians in Japan. J Gen Intern Med. 2009;24(3):387–392. doi: 10.1007/s11606-008-0886-4.
    1. Winefield HR, Veale BM. Work stress and quality of work performance in Australian general practitioners. Aust J Prim Care. 2002;8(2).
    1. Weng HC, Hung CM, Liu YT, et al. Associations between emotional intelligence and doctor burnout, job satisfaction and patient satisfaction. Med Educ. 2011;45(8):835–842. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.03985.x.
    1. Linzer M, Manwell LB, Mundt M, et al. Organizational climate, stress, and error in primary care: the MEMO study. Adv Patient Saf. 2005;1:65–77.
    1. Wild B, Erb M, Bartels M. Are emotions contagious? Evoked emotions while viewing emotionally expressive faces: quality, quantity, time course and gender differences. Psychiatry Res. 2001;102(2):109–124. doi: 10.1016/S0165-1781(01)00225-6.
    1. Bakker AB. Flow among music teachers and their students: the crossover of peak experiences. J of Vocational Behavior. 2005;66(1):26–44. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2003.11.001.
    1. Grol R. Improving the quality of medical care. JAMA. 2001;286(20):2578–2585. doi: 10.1001/jama.286.20.2578.
    1. Salanova M, Lorente L, Chambel MJ, Martínez IM. Linking transformational leadership to nurses’ extra-role performance: the mediating role of self-efficacy and work engagement. J Adv Nurs. 2011;67(10):2256–2266. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05652.x.
    1. Shimazu A, Schaufeli WB, Kamiyama K, Kawakami N. Workaholism vs. work engagement: the two different predictors of future well-being and performance. Int J Behav Med. 2014;1–6.
    1. Kushnir T, Kushnir J, Sarel A, Cohen AH. Exploring physician perceptions of the impact of emotions on behaviour during interactions with patients. Fam Pract. 2010.
    1. Davis DA, Mazmanian PE, Fordis M, Van HR, Thorpe KE, Perrier L. Accuracy of physician self-assessment compared with observed measures of competence: a systematic review. JAMA. 2006;296(9):1094–1102. doi: 10.1001/jama.296.9.1094.
    1. Podsakoff PM, MacKenzie SB, Lee JY, Podsakoff NP. Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. J Appl Psychol. 2003;88(5):879–903. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879.
    1. Xanthopoulou D, Bakker AB, Heuven E, Demerouti E, Schaufeli WB. Working in the sky: a diary study on work engagement among flight attendants. J Occup Health Psychol. 2008;13:345–356. doi: 10.1037/1076-8998.13.4.345.
    1. Christian MS, Garza AS, Slaughter JE. Work engagement: a quantitative review and test of its relations with task and contextual performance. Pers Psychol. 2011;64(1):89–136. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2010.01203.x.
    1. Aiken LH, Sloane DM, Clarke S, et al. Importance of work environments on hospital outcomes in nine countries. Int J Qual Health Care. 2011;23(4):357–364. doi: 10.1093/intqhc/mzr022.
    1. Hakanen JJ, Schaufeli WB, Ahola K. The job demands-resources model: a three-year cross-lagged study of burnout, depression, commitment, and work engagement. Work Stress. 2008;22(3):224–241. doi: 10.1080/02678370802379432.
    1. Fletcher KE, Davis SQ, Underwood W, Mangrulkar RS, McMahon LF, Jr, Saint S. Systematic review: effects of resident work hours on patient safety. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141(11):851–857. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-141-11-200412070-00009.
    1. Reed DA, Fletcher KE, Arora VM. Systematic review: association of shift length, protected sleep time, and night float with patient care, residents’ health, and education. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153(12):829–842. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-153-12-201012210-00010.
    1. Porter ME. A strategy for health care reform—toward a value-based system. N Engl J Med. 2009.
    1. Leape L, Berwick D, Clancy C, et al. Transforming healthcare: a safety imperative. Qual Saf Health Care. 2009;18(6):424–428. doi: 10.1136/qshc.2009.036954.
    1. Bakker AB, Xanthopoulou D. The crossover of daily work engagement: test of an actor-partner interdependence model. J Appl Psychol. 2009;94:1562–1571. doi: 10.1037/a0017525.
    1. Bakker AB, van Emmerik H, Euwema MC. Crossover of burnout and engagement in work teams. Work Occup. 2006;33(4):464–489. doi: 10.1177/0730888406291310.
    1. Mohr DC, Young GJ, Meterko M, Stolzmann KL, White B. Job satisfaction of primary care team members and quality of care. Am J Med Qual. 2011

Source: PubMed

스폰서 및 공동 작업자

건강 상태

약물 개입

3
구독하다