Postprandial enrichment of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins with omega-3 fatty acids: lack of an interaction with apolipoprotein E genotype?

Valérie Conway, Marie-Julie Allard, Anne-Marie Minihane, Kim G Jackson, Julie A Lovegrove, Mélanie Plourde, Valérie Conway, Marie-Julie Allard, Anne-Marie Minihane, Kim G Jackson, Julie A Lovegrove, Mélanie Plourde

Abstract

Background: We have previously demonstrated that carrying the apolipoprotein (apo) E epsilon 4 (E4+) genotype disrupts omega-3 fatty acids (n - 3 PUFA) metabolism. Here we hypothesise that the postprandial clearance of n - 3 PUFA from the circulation is faster in E4+ compared to non-carriers (E4-). The objective of the study was to investigate the fasted and postprandial fatty acid (FA) profile of triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein (TRL) fractions: Sf >400 (predominately chylomicron CM), Sf 60 - 400 (VLDL1), and Sf 20 - 60 (VLDL2) according to APOE genotype.

Methods: Postprandial TRL fractions were obtained in 11 E4+ (ϵ3/ϵ4) and 12 E4- (ϵ3/ϵ3) male from the SATgenϵ study following high saturated fat diet + 3.45 g/d of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for 8-wk. Blood samples were taken at fasting and 5-h after consuming a test-meal representative of the dietary intervention. FA were characterized by gas chromatography.

Results: At fasting, there was a 2-fold higher ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to arachidonic acid (P = 0.046) as well as a trend towards higher relative% of EPA (P = 0.063) in the Sf >400 fraction of E4+. Total n - 3 PUFA in the Sf 60 - 400 and Sf 20 - 60 fractions were not APOE genotype dependant. At 5 h, there was a trend towards a time × genotype interaction (P = 0.081) for EPA in the Sf >400 fraction. When sub-groups were form based on the level of EPA at baseline within the Sf >400 fraction, postprandial EPA (%) was significantly reduced only in the high-EPA group. EPA at baseline significantly predicted the postprandial response in EPA only in E4+ subjects (R2 = 0.816).

Conclusion: Despite the DHA supplement contain very low levels of EPA, E4+ subjects with high EPA at fasting potentially have disrupted postprandial n - 3 PUFA metabolism after receiving a high-dose of DHA.

Trial registration: Registered at clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01544855.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Fatty acid profile of TRL (top figures, Sf>400; middle figures, Sf400 − 60; bottom figures, Sf20 − 60) inE4−(■) andE4+(□) at A) fasting and B) in postprandial. ANOVA was used to investigate the presence of significant difference according to time and according to APOE genotype for the relative% of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids (n − 3 PUFA and n − 6 PUFA). ✝ Trend effect for genotype (P = 0.084).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Changes in the eicosapentaenoic acid (ΔEPA) content of postprandial Sf>400 lipoproteins depending on: A) EPA-status at fasting (N = 11 or 12/group); B)APOEgenotype (N = 11 or 12/group); E4−(■) andE4+(□). Median fasting level of EPA in Sf >400 lipoproteins was used to create the low <1.0% (●) and high >1.0% sub-groups (○). Factorial Repeated Measures (Split-Plot) ANOVA was used to investigate the presence of significant interaction. P value for EPA-status at fasting × genotype interaction was = 0.036.

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Source: PubMed

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