Effectiveness of a social influences smoking prevention program as a function of provider type, training method, and school risk
R Cameron, K S Brown, J A Best, C L Pelkman, C L Madill, S R Manske, M E Payne, R Cameron, K S Brown, J A Best, C L Pelkman, C L Madill, S R Manske, M E Payne
Abstract
Objectives: This study determined the effect of provider (nurse or teacher) and training method (workshop or self-preparation) on outcomes of a social influences smoking prevention program.
Methods: One hundred elementary schools were stratified by school risk score (high risk = high smoking rate among senior students) and assigned randomly to conditions: (1) teacher/self-preparation, (2) teacher/workshop, (3) nurse/self-preparation, (4) nurse/workshop, and (5) control. Intervention occurred in grades 6 to 8. Smoking status at the end of grade 8 was the primary endpoint variable.
Results: Intervention reduced grade 8 smoking rates in high-risk schools (smoking rates of 26.9% in control vs 16.0% in intervention schools) but not in low-risk schools. There were no significant differences in outcome as a function of training method and no significant differences in outcome between teacher-provided and nurse-provided interventions in high- and medium-risk schools. Although nurses achieved better outcomes than did teachers in low-risk schools, neither provider type achieved outcomes superior to the control condition in those schools.
Conclusions: Workshop training did not affect outcomes. Teachers and nurses were equally effective providers. Results suggest that programming should target high-risk schools.
References
- Biometrics. 1986 Mar;42(1):121-30
- J Behav Med. 1987 Dec;10(6):613-28
- Annu Rev Public Health. 1988;9:161-201
- J Sch Health. 1988 Nov;58(9):370-3
- J Sch Health. 1989 May;59(5):181-8
- Am J Public Health. 1990 Jan;80(1):78-9
- Science. 1990 Mar 16;247(4948):1299-305
- J Consult Clin Psychol. 1990 Aug;58(4):437-46
- J Sch Health. 1990 Nov;60(9):463-7
- Int J Epidemiol. 1990 Dec;19(4):795-800
- Int J Addict. 1990-1991;25(7A-8A):881-903
- Am J Public Health. 1992 Jun;82(6):827-34
- Am J Public Health. 1992 Sep;82(9):1210-6
- Can J Public Health. 1992 Nov-Dec;83(6):433-6
- Am J Public Health. 1993 Sep;83(9):1239-44
- Am J Public Health. 1994 Jul;84(7):1086-93
- Am J Epidemiol. 1994 Dec 1;140(11):1038-50
- J Sch Health. 1994 Oct;64(8):334-9
- Can J Public Health. 1996 Nov-Dec;87 Suppl 2:S50-3
- Am J Public Health. 1998 Jan;88(1):81-5
- Cancer Prev Control. 1997 Aug;1(3):196-212
Source: PubMed