Progression of whole-blood transcriptional signatures from interferon-induced to neutrophil-associated patterns in severe influenza
Jake Dunning, Simon Blankley, Long T Hoang, Mike Cox, Christine M Graham, Philip L James, Chloe I Bloom, Damien Chaussabel, Jacques Banchereau, Stephen J Brett, Miriam F Moffatt, Anne O'Garra, Peter J M Openshaw, MOSAIC Investigators, Maximillian S Habibi, Sebastian L Johnston, Trevor T Hansel, Mike Levin, Ryan S Thwaites, John O Warner, William O Cookson, Brian G Gazzard, Alan Hay, John McCauley, Paul Aylin, Deborah Ashby, Wendy S Barclay, Ruth A Elderfield, Simon Nadel, Jethro A Herberg, Lydia N Drumright, Laura Garcia-Alvarez, Alison H Holmes, Onn M Kon, Stephen J Aston, Stephen B Gordon, Tracy Hussell, Catherine Thompson, Maria C Zambon, Kenneth J Baillie, David A Hume, Peter Simmonds, Andrew Hayward, Rosalind L Smyth, Paul S McNamara, Malcolm G Semple, Jonathan S Nguyen-Van-Tam, Ling-Pei Ho, Andrew J McMichael, Paul Kellam, Walt E Adamson, William F Carman, Mark J Griffiths, Jake Dunning, Simon Blankley, Long T Hoang, Mike Cox, Christine M Graham, Philip L James, Chloe I Bloom, Damien Chaussabel, Jacques Banchereau, Stephen J Brett, Miriam F Moffatt, Anne O'Garra, Peter J M Openshaw, MOSAIC Investigators, Maximillian S Habibi, Sebastian L Johnston, Trevor T Hansel, Mike Levin, Ryan S Thwaites, John O Warner, William O Cookson, Brian G Gazzard, Alan Hay, John McCauley, Paul Aylin, Deborah Ashby, Wendy S Barclay, Ruth A Elderfield, Simon Nadel, Jethro A Herberg, Lydia N Drumright, Laura Garcia-Alvarez, Alison H Holmes, Onn M Kon, Stephen J Aston, Stephen B Gordon, Tracy Hussell, Catherine Thompson, Maria C Zambon, Kenneth J Baillie, David A Hume, Peter Simmonds, Andrew Hayward, Rosalind L Smyth, Paul S McNamara, Malcolm G Semple, Jonathan S Nguyen-Van-Tam, Ling-Pei Ho, Andrew J McMichael, Paul Kellam, Walt E Adamson, William F Carman, Mark J Griffiths
Abstract
Transcriptional profiles and host-response biomarkers are used increasingly to investigate the severity, subtype and pathogenesis of disease. We now describe whole-blood mRNA signatures and concentrations of local and systemic immunological mediators in 131 adults hospitalized with influenza, from whom extensive clinical and investigational data were obtained by MOSAIC investigators. Signatures reflective of interferon-related antiviral pathways were common up to day 4 of symptoms in patients who did not require mechanical ventilator support; in those who needed mechanical ventilation, an inflammatory, activated-neutrophil and cell-stress or death ('bacterial') pattern was seen, even early in disease. Identifiable bacterial co-infection was not necessary for this 'bacterial' signature but was able to enhance its development while attenuating the early 'viral' signature. Our findings emphasize the importance of timing and severity in the interpretation of host responses to acute viral infection and identify specific patterns of immune-system activation that might enable the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools for severe influenza.
Conflict of interest statement
Competing Financial Interests
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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