Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy Among People Who Inject Drugs: A Review of the Literature

Joji Suzuki, Jennifer Johnson, Mary Montgomery, Margaret Hayden, Christin Price, Joji Suzuki, Jennifer Johnson, Mary Montgomery, Margaret Hayden, Christin Price

Abstract

Hospitalizations for people who inject drugs (PWID) with infectious complications requiring prolonged antibiotic therapy are increasing in the context of the opioid epidemic. Although outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is routinely offered to patients without a history of injection drug use (IDU), PWID are often excluded from consideration of OPAT. To better assess the evidence base for the safety and effectiveness of OPAT for PWID, we conducted a review of the published literature. Results suggest that OPAT may be safe and effective for PWID, with rates of OPAT completion, mortality, and catheter-related complications comparable to rates among patients without a history of IDU. Rates of hospital readmissions may be higher among PWID, but instances of misuse of the venous catheter were rarely reported. More research is needed to study the safety and effectiveness of OPAT among PWID, as well as studying the combination of OPAT and addiction treatment.

Keywords: injection drug use; outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy; people who inject drugs.

References

    1. Wurcel AG, Anderson JE, Chui KKH, et al. . Increasing infectious endocarditis admissions among young people who inject drugs. Open Forum Infect Dis 2016; 3:ofw157.
    1. Ronan MV, Herzig SJ. Hospitalizations related to opioid abuse/dependence and associated serious infections increased sharply, 2002–12. Health Aff (Millwood) 2016; 35:832–7.
    1. Gordon RJ, Lowy FD. Bacterial infections in drug users. N Engl J Med 2005; 353:1945–54.
    1. MacKenzie M, Rae N, Nathwani D. Outcomes from global adult outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy programmes: a review of the last decade. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2014; 43:7–16.
    1. Rucker RW, Harrison GM. Outpatient intravenous medications in the management of cystic fibrosis. Pediatrics 1974; 54:358–60.
    1. Mitchell ED, Czoski Murray C, Meads D, et al. . Clinical and cost-effectiveness, safety and acceptability of community intravenous antibiotic service models: CIVAS systematic review. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e013560.
    1. Seaton RA, Barr DA. Outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy: principles and practice. Eur J Intern Med 2013; 24:617–23.
    1. Tice AD, Rehm SJ, Dalovisio JR, et al. ; IDSA Practice guidelines for outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy. IDSA guidelines. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38:1651–72.
    1. Infectious Diseases Society of America Emerging Infections Network. Report for query: ‘injection drug use (IDU) and infectious disease practice.’2017. Available at: . Accessed 9 May 2018.
    1. Ho J, Archuleta S, Tice A, Fisher D. International approaches to treating intravenous drug users in outpatient parenteral antibiotic services. Infect Dis Clin Pract 2012; 20:192.
    1. Hill A, Wai A, Marsh D, et al. . Pilot assessment of intravenous antibiotic therapy in a live-in street-based clinic, for infections in intravenous drug users (IVDU’s) 2006. Available at: . Accessed 21 March 2018.
    1. Ho J, Archuleta S, Sulaiman Z, Fisher D. Safe and successful treatment of intravenous drug users with a peripherally inserted central catheter in an outpatient parenteral antibiotic treatment service. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010; 65:2641–4.
    1. Beieler AM, Dellit TH, Chan JD, et al. . Successful implementation of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy at a medical respite facility for homeless patients. J Hosp Med 2016; 11:531–5.
    1. Buehrle DJ, Shields RK, Shah N, et al. . Risk factors associated with outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy program failure among intravenous drug users. Open Forum Infect Dis 2017; 4:ofx102.
    1. Camsari UM, Libertin CR. Small-town America’s despair: infected substance users needing outpatient parenteral therapy and risk stratification. Cureus 2017; 9:e1579.
    1. Jewell C, Weaver M, Sgroi C, et al. . Residential addiction treatment for injection drug users requiring intravenous antibiotics: a cost-reduction strategy. J Addict Med 2013; 7:271–6.
    1. Papalekas E, Patel N, Neph A, et al. . Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) in intravenous drug users (IVDUs): epidemiology and outcomes 2014. Available at: . Accessed 13 February 2018.
    1. Vazirian M, Jerry JM, Shrestha NK, Gordon SM. Outcomes of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy in patients with injection drug use. Psychosomatics. In press.
    1. Jafari S, Joe R, Elliot D, et al. . A community care model of intravenous antibiotic therapy for injection drug users with deep tissue infection for “reduce leaving against medical advice.” Int J Ment Health Addict 2015; 13:49–58.
    1. Dobson PM, Loewenthal MR, Schneider K, Lai K. Comparing injecting drug users with others receiving outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy. Open Forum Infect Dis 2017; 4:ofx183.
    1. Barr DA, Semple L, Seaton RA. Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) in a teaching hospital-based practice: a retrospective cohort study describing experience and evolution over 10 years. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2012; 39:407–13.
    1. Seetoh T, Lye DC, Cook AR, et al. . An outcomes analysis of outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) in a large Asian cohort. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2013; 41:569–73.
    1. Donald M, Marlow N, Swinburn E, Wu M. Emergency department management of home intravenous antibiotic therapy for cellulitis. Emerg Med J 2005; 22:715–7.
    1. Cervera C, del Río A, García L, et al. ; Hospital Clinic Endocarditis Study Group Efficacy and safety of outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy for infective endocarditis: a ten-year prospective study. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2011; 29:587–92.
    1. Duggal A, Barsoum W, Schmitt SK. Patients with prosthetic joint infection on IV antibiotics are at high risk for readmission. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2009; 467:1727–31.
    1. Rapoport AB, Beekmann SE, Polgreen PM, Rowley CF. Injection drug use and infectious disease practice: a national provider survey. Open Forum Infect Dis 2017; 4:S340.
    1. Fanucchi L, Leedy N, Li J, Thornton AC. Perceptions and practices of physicians regarding outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy in persons who inject drugs. J Hosp Med 2016; 11:581–2.
    1. Moss R, Munt B. Injection drug use and right sided endocarditis. Heart 2003; 89:577–81.
    1. Hull SC, Jadbabaie F. When is enough enough? The dilemma of valve replacement in a recidivist intravenous drug user. Ann Thorac Surg 2014; 97:1486–7.
    1. DiMaio JM, Salerno TA, Bernstein R, et al. . Ethical obligation of surgeons to noncompliant patients: can a surgeon refuse to operate on an intravenous drug-abusing patient with recurrent aortic valve prosthesis infection?Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 88:1–8.
    1. Liebschutz JM, Crooks D, Herman D, et al. . Buprenorphine treatment for hospitalized, opioid-dependent patients: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med 2014; 174(8):1369–76.
    1. Suzuki J, DeVido J, Kalra I, et al. . Initiating buprenorphine treatment for hospitalized patients with opioid dependence: a case series. Am J Addict 2015; 24:10–4.
    1. Trowbridge P, Weinstein ZM, Kerensky T, et al. . Addiction consultation services—linking hospitalized patients to outpatient addiction treatment. J Subst Abuse Treat 2017; 79:1–5.
    1. Suzuki J. Medication-assisted treatment for hospitalized patients with intravenous-drug-use related infective endocarditis. Am J Addict 2016; 25:191–4.
    1. Noska A, Mohan A, Wakeman S, et al. . Managing opioid use disorder during and after acute hospitalization: a case-based review clarifying methadone regulation for acute care settings. J Addict Behav Ther Rehabil 2015; 4(2): pii: 1000138.
    1. Chan ACH, Palepu A, Guh DP, et al. . HIV-positive injection drug users who leave the hospital against medical advice: the mitigating role of methadone and social support. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2004; 35:56–59.
    1. Theisen-Toupal J, Rosenthal ES, Rowley CF. Reimagining long-term antibiotics in persons who inject drugs: time to shift the status quo?J Hosp Med 2016; 11:597–8.
    1. Rosenthal ES, Karchmer AW, Theisen-Toupal J, et al. . Suboptimal addiction interventions for patients hospitalized with injection drug use-associated infective endocarditis. Am J Med 2016; 129:481–5.
    1. Rapoport AB, Rowley CF. Stretching the scope - becoming frontline addiction - medicine providers. N Engl J Med 2017; 377:705–7.
    1. Fanucchi L, Lofwall MR. Putting parity into practice - integrating opioid-use disorder treatment into the hospital setting. N Engl J Med 2016; 375:811–3.
    1. Libertin CR, Camsari UM, Hellinger WC, et al. . The cost of a recalcitrant intravenous drug user with serial cases of endocarditis: need for guidelines to improve the continuum of care. IDCases 2017; 8:3–5.

Source: PubMed

스폰서 및 공동 작업자

건강 상태

약물 개입

3
구독하다