Consensus review of the treatment of cardiovascular disease in people with hemophilia A and B

Victor A Ferraris, Leonard I Boral, Alice J Cohen, Susan S Smyth, Gilbert C White 2nd, Victor A Ferraris, Leonard I Boral, Alice J Cohen, Susan S Smyth, Gilbert C White 2nd

Abstract

With advances in care, increasing numbers of people with hemophilia (PWH) achieve near-normal life expectancies and present with typical age-related cardiovascular conditions. Evidence-based guidelines for medical or surgical management of cardiovascular conditions in individuals with hemophilia are limited. Published recommendations exist for the management of some common cardiovascular conditions (eg, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation), but identifying optimal strategies for anticoagulant or antithrombotic therapy constitutes the primary challenge of managing nonoperative cardiovascular disease (CVD) in PWH. In general, as long as factor concentrates or other hemostatic therapies maintain adequate hemostasis, the recommended medical and surgical management of CVD in PWH parallels that in individuals without hemophilia. The presence of factor inhibitors complicates hemophilia management. Published outcomes of CVD treatment in PWH are similar to those in the general population. Specific knowledge about factor replacement, factor inhibitors, and disease-specific treatment distinguishes the cardiovascular care of PWH from similar care of individuals without this rare bleeding disorder. Furthermore, a multidisciplinary approach incorporating a hematologist with an onsite coagulation laboratory, ideally associated with a hemophilia treatment center, is integral to the management of CVD in PWH.

Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure: Victor A. Ferraris has been a paid consultant for Baxter Healthcare (CME activity), Haemonetics (advisory board), and AstraZeneca (advisory board). Leonard I. Boral has previously been a paid consultant for Alexion Pharmaceuticals. Alice J. Cohen and Susan S. Smyth declare no competing interests. Gilbert C. White is a paid consultant for Bayer (grant review); Baxter (Data Safety Monitoring Board); and CSL Behring, Novo Nordisk, and Pfizer (advisory boards); is a cofounder of and scientific advisory board member for Entegrion; and is on the scientific advisory board for Asklepios.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Recommended algorithm for management of atrial fibrillation in people with hemophilia without inhibitors. The primary determinant of management of AF in PWH is the baseline FVIII/FIX level (ie, hemophilia severity). People with severe hemophilia are considered candidates for thromboprophylaxis provided they are receiving factor concentrate prophylaxis. The decision to initiate antithrombotic therapy is further based on the individual projected risk for stroke, in this case determined by the CHADS2 scoring system. A score of ≥2 is considered indicative of a high risk for stroke. (See text for a description of the CHADS2 score calculation.) CFC indicates clotting factor concentrate; CHADS2, congestive heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes mellitus, stroke; FVIII, factor VIII; FIX, factor IX; PWH, people with hemophilia. Republished with permission of Blood: Journal of the American Society of Hematology, from “How I treat age-related morbidities in elderly persons with hemophilia,” Mannucci, PM, et al.,114, 26 © 2009; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Suggested algorithm for management of ischemic heart disease in people with hemophilia without inhibitors.,, ACS indicates acute coronary syndrome; ASA, aspirin; BMS, bare metal stent; CV, cardiovascular; d/c, discontinue; DES, drug-eluting stent; GP, glycoprotein; IHD, ischemic heart disease; LMWH, low-molecular-weight heparin; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PPX, prophylaxis; Rx, therapy; STEMI, S-T segment elevation myocardial infarction; UFH, unfractionated heparin.

References

    1. Boggio LN, Kessler CM. Hemophilia A and B. In: Kitchens CS, Alving BM, Kessler CM, editors. In: Consultative Hemostasis and Thrombosis. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2007. pp. 45–59.
    1. Kulkarni R, Soucie JM. Pediatric hemophilia: a review. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2011;37:737–744.
    1. DiMichele DM. Inhibitors in Hemophilia: A Primer. 4th ed. Montreal: World Federation of Hemophilia; 2008.
    1. Bolton-Maggs PH, Pasi KJ. Haemophilias A and B. Lancet. 2003;361:1801–1809.
    1. Goedert JJ, Eyster ME, Lederman MM, et al. End-stage liver disease in persons with hemophilia and transfusion-associated infections. Blood. 2002;100:1584–1589.
    1. Mannucci PM, Mauser-Bunschoten EP. Cardiovascular disease in haemophilia patients: a contemporary issue. Haemophilia. 2010;16(suppl 3):58–66.
    1. Plug I, Van Der Bom JG, Peters M, et al. Mortality and causes of death in patients with hemophilia, 1992–2001: a prospective cohort study. J Thromb Haemost. 2006;4:510–516.
    1. Darby SC, Keeling DM, Spooner RJ, et al. The incidence of factor VIII and factor IX inhibitors in the hemophilia population of the UK and their effect on subsequent mortality, 1977–99. J Thromb Haemost. 2004;2:1047–1054.
    1. Goel R, Krishnamurti L. Mortality, health care utilization and associated diagnoses in hospitalized patients with haemophilia in the United States: first reported nationwide estimates. Haemophilia. 2012;18:688–692.
    1. Darby SC, Kan SW, Spooner RJ, et al. Mortality rates, life expectancy, and causes of death in people with hemophilia A or B in the United Kingdom who were not infected with HIV. Blood. 2007;110:815–825.
    1. Triemstra M, Rosendaal FR, Smit C, et al. Mortality in patients with hemophilia. Changes in a Dutch population from 1986 to 1992 and 1973 to 1986. Ann Intern Med. 1995;123:823–827.
    1. Ragni MV. Aging in haemophilia: getting to the heart of the matter. Thromb Haemost. 2011;105:207–208.
    1. Srámek A, Reiber JH, Gerrits WB, et al. Decreased coagulability has no clinically relevant effect on atherogenesis: observations in individuals with a hereditary bleeding tendency. Circulation. 2001;104:762–767.
    1. Biere-Rafi S, Tuinenburg A, Haak BW, et al. Factor VIII deficiency does not protect against atherosclerosis. J Thromb Haemost. 2012;10:30–37.
    1. Tuinenburg A, Rutten A, Kavousi M, et al. Coronary artery calcification in hemophilia A: no evidence for a protective effect of factor VIII deficiency on atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2012;32:799–804.
    1. Foley CJ, Nichols L, Jeong K, et al. Coronary atherosclerosis and cardiovascular mortality in hemophilia. J Thromb Haemost. 2010;8:208–211.
    1. Zwiers M, Lefrandt JD, Mulder DJ, et al. Coronary artery calcification score and carotid intima–media thickness in patients with hemophilia. J Thromb Haemost. 2012;10:23–29.
    1. Kulkarni R, Soucie JM, Evatt BL Hemophilia Surveillance System Project Investigators. Prevalence and risk factors for heart disease among males with hemophilia. Am J Hematol. 2005;79:36–42.
    1. Ragni MV, Moore CG. Atherosclerotic heart disease: prevalence and risk factors in hospitalized men with haemophilia A. Haemophilia. 2011;17:867–871.
    1. Alsolaiman MM, Chang K, Arjomand H, et al. Acute left anterior descending artery occlusion in a hemophiliac A patient during recombinant factor VIII infusion: treatment with coronary angioplasty. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2000;50:468–472.
    1. Girolami A, Ruzzon E, Fabris F, et al. Myocardial infarction and other arterial occlusions in hemophilia a patients. A cardiological evaluation of all 42 cases reported in the literature. Acta Haematol. 2006;116:120–125.
    1. Maresca L, Giallauria F, D’Agostino MA, et al. A severe haemophiliac patient with acute coronary syndrome admitted to cardiac rehabilitation. Haemophilia. 2012;18:e45–e47.
    1. Bovenzi F, De Luca L, Signore N, et al. Abciximab for the treatment of an acute thrombotic coronary occlusion during stent implantation in a patient with severe hemophilia B. Ital Heart J. 2003;4:728–730.
    1. Biere-Rafi S, Baarslag MA, Peters M, et al. Cardiovascular risk assessment in haemophilia patients. Thromb Haemost. 2011;105:274–278.
    1. Fransen van de Putte DE, Fischer K, Makris M, et al. Increased prevalence of hypertension in haemophilia patients. Thromb Haemost. 2012;108:750–755.
    1. Lim MY, Pruthi RK. Cardiovascular disease risk factors: prevalence and management in adult hemophilia patients. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2011;22:402–406.
    1. Konkle BA, Kessler C, Aledort L, et al. Emerging clinical concerns in the ageing haemophilia patient. Haemophilia. 2009;15:1197–1209.
    1. Fransen van de Putte DE, Fischer K, Makris M, et al. Unfavourable cardiovascular disease risk profiles in a cohort of Dutch and British haemophilia patients. Thromb Haemost. 2013;109:16–23.
    1. Sharathkumar AA, Soucie JM, Trawinski B, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events among patients with haemophilia: experience of a single haemophilia treatment centre in the United States (US). Haemophilia. 2011;17:597–604.
    1. Friis-Møller N, Reiss P, Sabin CA, et al. DAD Study Group. Class of antiretroviral drugs and the risk of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:1723–1735.
    1. Jacob AJ, Sutherland GR, Boon NA, et al. Dilated cardiomyopathy in haemophiliacs infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Scott Med J. 1993;38:112–113.
    1. Manco-Johnson MJ, Abshire TC, Shapiro AD, et al. Prophylaxis versus episodic treatment to prevent joint disease in boys with severe hemophilia. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:535–544.
    1. MASAC Recommendations Concerning Products Licensed for the Treatment of Hemophilia and Other Bleeding Disorders. National Hemophilia Foundationwebsite; Available at: . Updated October 2013. Accessed October 5, 2013.
    1. Keeling D, Tait C, Makris M. Guideline on the selection and use of therapeutic products to treat haemophilia and other hereditary bleeding disorders. A United Kingdom Haemophilia Center Doctors’ Organisation (UKHCDO) guideline approved by the British Committee for Standards in Haematology. Haemophilia. 2008;14:671–684.
    1. Franchini M. The modern treatment of haemophilia: a narrative review. Blood Transfus. 2013;11:178–182.
    1. Pesaro AE, Gaz MV, Karbstein R, et al. Coronary artery bypass surgery, angioplasty and long term anti-platelet treatment in a type B hemophilia patient. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2009;64:822–823.
    1. Hermans C, Brackmann HH, Schinco P, et al. The case for wider use of recombinant factor VIII concentrates. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2012;83:11–20.
    1. Ludlam CA, Powderly WG, Bozzette S, et al. Clinical perspectives of emerging pathogens in bleeding disorders. Lancet. 2006;367:252–261.
    1. Kim DK, Kim DI, Kim MS, et al. Successful percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome in a patient with severe hemophilia A. Korean Circ J. 2010;40:527–529.
    1. Kempton CL, White GC., 2nd How we treat a hemophilia A patient with a factor VIII inhibitor. Blood. 2009;113:11–17.
    1. Kulkarni R. Comprehensive care of the patient with haemophilia and inhibitors undergoing surgery: practical aspects. Haemophilia. 2013;19:2–10.
    1. Hoffman M, Dargaud Y. Mechanisms and monitoring of bypassing agent therapy. J Thromb Haemost. 2012;10:1478–1485.
    1. Chavin SI, Siegel DM, Rocco TA, Jr, et al. Acute myocardial infarction during treatment with an activated prothrombin complex concentrate in a patient with factor VIII deficiency and a factor VIII inhibitor. Am J Med. 1988;85:245–249.
    1. Fukui H, Fujimura Y, Takahashi Y, et al. Laboratory evidence of DIC under FEIBA treatment of a hemophilic patient with intracranial bleeding and high titre factor VIII inhibitor. Thromb Res. 1981;22:177–184.
    1. Schimpf K, Zeltsch C, Zeltsch P. Myocardial infarction complicating activated prothrombin complex concentrate substitution in patient with hemophilia A. Lancet. 1982;2:1043.
    1. Ehrlich HJ, Henzl MJ, Gomperts ED. Safety of factor VIII inhibitor bypass activity (FEIBA): 10-year compilation of thrombotic adverse events. Haemophilia. 2002;8:83–90.
    1. NovoSeven RT (Coagulation Factor VIIa [Recombinant], Room Temperature Stable) [prescribing information] Bagsvaerd, Denmark: Novo Nordisk A/S; 2014.
    1. Hardy JF, Bélisle S, Van der Linden P. Efficacy and safety of recombinant activated factor VII to control bleeding in nonhemophiliac patients: a review of 17 randomized controlled trials. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008;86:1038–1048.
    1. Hsia CC, Chin-Yee IH, McAlister VC. Use of recombinant activated factor VII in patients without hemophilia: a meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Ann Surg. 2008;248:61–68.
    1. Aledort LM. Factor VIII inhibitor bypassing activity (FEIBA)—addressing safety issues. Haemophilia. 2008;14:39–43.
    1. Dunn AL, Cox Gill J. Adenotonsillectomy in patients with desmopressin responsive mild bleeding disorders: a review of the literature. Haemophilia. 2010;16:711–716.
    1. Horrow JC. Desmopressin and antifibrinolytics. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 1990;28:230–236.
    1. Mannucci PM, Bettega D, Cattaneo M. Patterns of development of tachyphylaxis in patients with haemophilia and von Willebrand disease after repeated doses of desmopressin (DDAVP). Br J Haematol. 1992;82:87–93.
    1. Virtanen R, Kauppila M, Itälä M. Percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting in a patient with haemophilia A and an acute myocardial infarction following a single dose of desmopressin. Thromb Haemost. 2004;92:1154–1156.
    1. Desmopressin Acetate Injection, USP [prescribing information] Lake Forest, Illinois: Hospira, Inc.; 2007.
    1. Cyclokapron® (tranexamic acid injection) [prescribing information] New York, NY: Pfizer, Inc.; 2013.
    1. Giangrande PL, Wilde JT, Madan B, et al. Consensus protocol for the use of recombinant activated factor VII [eptacog alfa (activated); NovoSeven] in elective orthopaedic surgery in haemophilic patients with inhibitors. Haemophilia. 2009;15:501–508.
    1. Tang M, Wierup P, Terp K, et al. Cardiac surgery in patients with haemophilia. Haemophilia. 2009;15:101–107.
    1. Tengborn L. Fibrinolytic Inhibitors in the Management of Bleeding Disorders. 2nd ed. Montreal: World Federation of Hemophilia; 2012.
    1. Cattaneo M. The use of desmopressin in open-heart surgery. Haemophilia. 2008;14(suppl 1):40–47.
    1. Cattaneo M, Harris AS, Strömberg U, et al. The effect of desmopressin on reducing blood loss in cardiac surgery—a meta-analysis of double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Thromb Haemost. 1995;74:1064–1070.
    1. Despotis GJ, Levine V, Saleem R, et al. Use of point-of-care test in identification of patients who can benefit from desmopressin during cardiac surgery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 1999;354:106–110.
    1. Mannucci PM, Schutgens RE, Santagostino E, et al. How I treat age-related morbidities in elderly persons with hemophilia. Blood. 2009;114:5256–5263.
    1. Mannucci PM. Management of antithrombotic therapy for acute coronary syndromes and atrial fibrillation in patients with hemophilia. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2012;13:505–510.
    1. Schutgens RE, Tuinenburg A, Roosendaal G, et al. Treatment of ischaemic heart disease in haemophilia patients: an institutional guideline. Haemophilia. 2009;15:952–958.
    1. Tuinenburg A, Damen SA, Ypma PF, et al. Cardiac catheterization and intervention in haemophilia patients: prospective evaluation of the 2009 institutional guideline. Haemophilia. 2013;19:370–377.
    1. Fogarty PF, Olin JW, Kessler CM, et al. An algorithmic approach to peripheral artery disease in hemophilia: extrapolation of management principles from noncoagulopathic patients. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2012;23:23–29.
    1. Lip GY, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R, et al. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the euro heart survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest. 2010;137:263–272.
    1. Olesen JB, Lip GY, Hansen ML, et al. Validation of risk stratification schemes for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation: nationwide cohort study. BMJ. 2011;342:d124.
    1. Gage BF, Waterman AD, Shannon W, et al. Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation. JAMA. 2001;285:2864–2870.
    1. You JJ, Singer DE, Howard PA, et al. American College of Chest Physicians. Antithrombotic therapy for atrial fibrillation: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012;141(2 suppl):e531S–e575S.
    1. Kalus JS. Pharmacologic interventions for reversing the effects of oral anticoagulants. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2013;70(10 suppl 1):S12–S21.
    1. Tripodi A, Palareti G. New anticoagulant drugs for treatment of venous thromboembolism and stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. J Intern Med. 2012;271:554–565.
    1. Cheung VT, Hunter RJ, Ginks MR, et al. Management of thromboembolic risk in persons with haemophilia and atrial fibrillation: is left atrial appendage occlusion the answer for those at high risk? Haemophilia. 2013;19:e84–e86.
    1. Cid AR, Zorio E, Haya S, et al. Treatment in a haemophiliac A patient with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and ischemic heart disease. Haemophilia. 2007;13:760–762.
    1. DeWitt ES, DiMichele DM, Larsen K, et al. Successful cryoablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in a child with hemophilia A. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2010;32:404–406.
    1. MacKinlay N, Taper J, Renisson F, et al. Cardiac surgery and catheterization in patients with haemophilia. Haemophilia. 2000;6:84–88.
    1. Lim MY, Pruthi RK. Impact of lifestyle modification on symptomatic coronary artery disease in a haemophilia patient with inhibitors. Haemophilia. 2011;17:e1006–e1007.
    1. Guo Y, Zhang X, Huang D, et al. Acute myocardial infarction in a Chinese patient with haemophilia A and risk factors for coronary artery disease: a case report with autopsy. Haemophilia. 2010;16:691–693.
    1. Lim MY, Pruthi RK. Outcomes of management of acute coronary syndrome in patients with congenital bleeding disorders: a single center experience and review of the literature. Thromb Res. 2012;130:316–322.
    1. Ferrario C, Renders F, Cairoli A, et al. Management of an acute coronary syndrome in a patient with severe haemophilia A. Haemophilia. 2007;13:763–765.
    1. Coppola A, Tagliaferri A, Franchini M. The management of cardiovascular diseases in patients with hemophilia. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2010;36:91–102.
    1. Fefer P, Gannot S, Lubetsky A, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with haemophilia presenting with acute coronary syndrome: an interventional dilemma: case series, review of the literature, and tips for management. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2013;35:271–278.
    1. Valgimigli M, Saia F, Guastaroba P, et al. REAL Registry Investigators. Transradial versus transfemoral intervention for acute myocardial infarction: a propensity score-adjusted and -matched analysis from the REAL (REgistro regionale AngiopLastiche dell’Emilia-Romagna) multicenter registry. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2012;5:23–35.
    1. Coppola A, De Simone C, Di Capua M, et al. Acute coronary syndrome and severe haemophilia: an unusual association with challenging treatment. Thromb Haemost. 2010;103:1270–1272.
    1. Smolka G, Kulach A, Dabek J, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation in haemophilic A patient with unstable angina. Haemophilia. 2007;13:428–431.
    1. Piscione F, Cassese S, Galasso G, et al. A new approach to percutaneous coronary revascularization in patients requiring undeferrable non-cardiac surgery. Int J Cardiol. 2011;146:399–403.
    1. Petrillo G, Cirillo P, Leosco D, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention in a patient with acute non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction and haemophilia A: a ‘genous’ experience. Haemophilia. 2011;17:e245–e246.
    1. Arora UK, Dhir M, Cintron G, et al. Successful multi-vessel percutaneous coronary intervention with bivalirudin in a patient with severe hemophilia A: a case report and review of literature. J Invasive Cardiol. 2004;16:330–332.
    1. Krolick MA. Successful percutaneous coronary intervention in a patient with severe haemophilia A using bivalirudin as the sole procedural anticoagulant. Haemophilia. 2005;11:415–417.
    1. Quintero D, Biria M, Meyers DG. Percutaneous coronary intervention in a patient with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction and hemophilia A. J Invasive Cardiol. 2008;20:240–241.
    1. King SB, 3rd, Smith SC, Jr, Hirshfeld JW, Jr, et al. ACC/AHA/SCAI. 2007 focused update of the ACC/AHA/SCAI 2005 guideline update for percutaneous coronary intervention: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51:172–209.
    1. Mafrici A, Baudo F. Hemophilia and percutaneous coronary interventions. Ital Heart J. 2003;4:731–733.
    1. Staritz P, de Moerloose P, Schutgens R, et al. ADVANCE Working Group. Applicability of the European Society of Cardiology guidelines on management of acute coronary syndromes to people with haemophilia—an assessment by the ADVANCE Working Group. Haemophilia. 2013;19:833–840.
    1. Bilora F, Boccioletti V, Zanon E, et al. Hemophilia A, von Willebrand disease, and atherosclerosis of abdominal aorta and leg arteries: factor VIII and von Willebrand factor defects appear to protect abdominal aorta and leg arteries from atherosclerosis. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2001;7:311–313.
    1. Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, et al. ACC/AHA 2005 Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): a collaborative report from the American Association for Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Surgery, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, Society of Interventional Radiology, and the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease). Circulation. 2006;11:e463–e654.
    1. Fitzsimons MG, Walton K, Makar R, et al. Redo aortic valve replacement in a patient with immunoglobulin A deficiency and hemophilia A. Ann Thorac Surg. 2013;96:311–313.
    1. Sprunck A, Maechel AL, Levy F, et al. Off-pump myocardial revascularization in a patient with haemophilia A: a case report and operative strategies. Haemophilia. 2012;18:e20–e22.
    1. Kypson AP, Rodriguez E, Anderson CA. Coronary surgery in a hemophiliac with continuous factor VIII replacement. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann. 2012;20:191–192.
    1. Furutachi A, Furukawa K, Oda Y, et al. Total arch replacement for acute aortic dissection (Stanford A) in a patient with hemophilia A. Ann Thorac Surg. 2012;93:e61–e62.
    1. Barillari G, Pasca S, Erice F, et al. Successful double bypass in a patient with severe hemophilia A: a case report. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2012;33:193–196.
    1. Zatorska K, Orłowska-Baranowska E, Abramczuk E, et al. Short and long-term management of haemophilia A patient requiring heart valve surgery. Haemophilia. 2012;18:e352–e354.
    1. Lison S, Spannagl M, Dietrich W Working Group of Perioperative Hemostasis. Hemophilia A in cardiac operations: a model of reduced thrombin generation. Ann Thorac Surg. 2011;91:1606–1608.
    1. Frías MÁ, Jaraba S, Ibarra I, et al. Ventricular assist device as a bridge to transplant, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for primary graft failure in a child with hemophilia A. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2011;12:e432–e435.
    1. Rodriguez V, Burkhart HM, Schmidt KA, et al. Hemostatic management of an infant with severe hemophilia A and tetralogy of Fallot for cardiac bypass surgery. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:1399–1401.
    1. Krakow EF, Walker I, Lamy A, et al. Cardiac surgery in patients with haemophilia B: a case report and review of the literature. Haemophilia. 2009;15:108–113.
    1. Thankachen R, George B, Shukla V, et al. Aortic and mitral valve replacement in a patient with hemophilia B. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann. 2007;15:526–527.
    1. Gasparović H, Zupancic-Salek S, Brida V, et al. Aortic valve replacement in a patient with severe hemophilia. Coll Antropol. 2007;31:355–357.
    1. Murugan SJ, Viswanathan S, Thomson J, et al. Heart surgery in infants with hemophilia. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006;81:336–339.
    1. Eren A, Friedl R, Hannekum A, et al. Cardiac surgery in a patient with haemophilia A. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006;54:212–214.
    1. Stine KC, Becton DL. Use of factor VIII replacement during open heart surgery in a patient with haemophilia A. Haemophilia. 2006;12:435–436.
    1. Grandmougin D, Delolme MC, Reynaud J, et al. Off-pump myocardial revascularization in a diabetic patient with severe hemophilia B and impaired left ventricular function: hematological and operative strategies. J Card Surg. 2005;20:366–369.
    1. De Bels D, Demeere JL, Dugauquier J, et al. Continuous infusion of factor VIIIc during heart surgery in a patient with haemophilia A. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2004;21:984–986.
    1. Kaminishi Y, Aizawa K, Saito T, et al. Modified Bentall operation in a patient with hemophilia A. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003;51:68–70.
    1. Sheth S, Dimichele D, Lee M, et al. Heart transplant in a factor VIII-deficient patient with a high-titre inhibitor: perioperative management using high-dose continuous infusion factor VIII and recombinant factor VIIa. Haemophilia. 2001;7:227–232.
    1. Donahue BS, Emerson CW, Slaughter TF. Case 1–1999. Elective and emergency cardiac surgery on a patient with hemophilia B. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 1999;13:92–97.
    1. Palanzo DA, Sadr FS. Coronary artery bypass grafting in a patient with haemophilia B. Perfusion. 1995;10:265–270.
    1. Scharfman WB, Rauch AE, Ferraris V, et al. Treatment of a patient with factor IX deficiency (hemophilia B) with coronary bypass surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1993;105:765–766.
    1. Wilson CJ, Frankville D, Robinson B, et al. Perioperative management of coronary artery bypass surgery in a patient with factor IX deficiency. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 1991;5:160–162.
    1. Mazzucco A, Stellin G, Cantele P, et al. Repair of ventricular septal defect and aortic regurgitation associated with severe hemophilia B. Ann Thorac Surg. 1986;42:97–99.
    1. Raish RJ, Witte DL, Goldsmith JC. Successful cardiac surgery following plasmapheresis in a patient with hemophilia B. Transfusion. 1985;25:128–130.
    1. Roskos RR, Gilchrist GS, Kazmier FJ, et al. Management of hemophilia A and B during surgical correction of transposition of the great arteries. Mayo Clin Proc. 1983;58:182–186.
    1. Rossi M, Jayaram R, Sayeed R. Do patients with haemophilia undergoing cardiac surgery have good surgical outcomes? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2011;13:320–331.
    1. Fabricius AM, Krueger M, Falk V, et al. Floating thrombus on an ASD occluder device in a patient with hemophilia A. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001;49:312–313.
    1. Saxena A, Jindal RC, Juneja R, et al. Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus in a patient with haemophilia-A. Indian Heart J. 2000;52:339–340.
    1. Thiagarajan RR, Roth SJ, Margossian S, et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to cardiac transplantation in a patient with cardiomyopathy and hemophilia A. Intensive Care Med. 2003;29:985–988.
    1. Diplaris KT, Karfis EA, Ampatzidou F, et al. Acute type-a dissection in a patient with severe hemophilia A. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2012;26:660–663.
    1. Meagher PD, Rickard KA, Richards JG, et al. Aortic and mitral valve replacement in a patient with severe haemophilia A. Aust N Z J Med. 1981;11:76–79.
    1. Pivalizza EG. Perioperative use of the Thrombelastograph in patients with inherited bleeding disorders. J Clin Anesth. 2003;15:366–370.
    1. Ghosh K, Shetty S. Anticoagulation in haemophilia patients with prosthetic valve replacement. Haemophilia. 2004;10:743.
    1. Gerhardt A, Grotemeyer D, Sandmann W, et al. A hemophilia patient with C1 domain Arg2150His mutation developed a high titer inhibitor not inhibiting autologous factor VIII after switching to third generation recombinant product. Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts) 2005;106:4060.
    1. Olin JW, Sealove BA. Peripheral artery disease: current insight into the disease and its diagnosis and management. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010;85:678–692.
    1. Bergqvist D, Thimberg L, Bergentz SE, et al. Abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery in a hemophiliac. Vasa. 1985;14:394–397.
    1. Kobayashi M, Matsushita M, Nishikimi N, et al. Treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysm in a patient with hemophilia A: a case report and review of the literature. J Vasc Surg. 1997;25:945–948.
    1. Marrocco-Trischitta MM, Melissano G, Castellano R, et al. Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in a patient with severe hemophilia B. J Endovasc Ther. 2009;16:120–123.
    1. Brewster DC, Cronenwett JL, Hallett JW, Jr, et al. Joint Council of the American Association for Vascular Surgery and Society for Vascular Surgery. Guidelines for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Report of a subcommittee of the Joint Council of the American Association for Vascular Surgery and Society for Vascular Surgery. J Vasc Surg. 2003;37:1106–1117.
    1. Chun PK, Flannery EP, Bowen TE. Open-heart surgery in patients with hematologic disorders. Am Heart J. 1983;105:835–842.
    1. Bowles L, Yee TT. Carotid endarterectomy in 2 patients with hemophilia. Haemophilia. 2012;18:4.
    1. Malam Y, Tsui J, Sheikh SE, et al. Journal rubric. Haemophilic pseudotumour of the carotid artery. Vasc Med. 2012;17:193–194.

Source: PubMed

스폰서 및 공동 작업자

건강 상태

약물 개입

3
구독하다