Gut Microbiota Changes and Their Relationship with Inflammation in Patients with Acute and Chronic Insomnia

Yuanyuan Li, Bin Zhang, Ya Zhou, Daoming Wang, Xianchen Liu, Lin Li, Tong Wang, Yuechu Zhang, Min Jiang, Huilan Tang, Lawrence V Amsel, Fang Fan, Christina W Hoven, Yuanyuan Li, Bin Zhang, Ya Zhou, Daoming Wang, Xianchen Liu, Lin Li, Tong Wang, Yuechu Zhang, Min Jiang, Huilan Tang, Lawrence V Amsel, Fang Fan, Christina W Hoven

Abstract

Purpose: The major purpose of this study was to detect the changes in gut microbiota composition and inflammatory cytokines production associated with acute and chronic insomnia. This study also evaluated the relationship between gut microbiota changes and increased inflammatory cytokines in insomnia patients.

Patients and methods: Outpatients with acute and chronic insomnia (aged 26-55 years; n=20 and 38, respectively) and age/gender-matched healthy controls (n=38) were recruited from a southern China region. Participants' gut microbiome, plasma cytokines, and self-reported sleep quality and psychopathological symptoms were measured.

Results: The gut microbiomes of insomnia patients compared with healthy controls were characterized by lower microbial richness and diversity, depletion of anaerobes, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, and an expansion of potential pathobionts. Lachnospira and Bacteroides were signature bacteria for distinguishing acute insomnia patients from healthy controls, while Faecalibacterium and Blautia were signature bacteria for distinguishing chronic insomnia patients from healthy controls. Acute/chronic insomnia-related signature bacteria also showed correlations with these patients' self-reported sleep quality and plasma IL-1β.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that insomnia symptomology, gut microbiota, and inflammation may be interrelated in complex ways. Gut microbiota may serve as an important indicator for auxiliary diagnosis of insomnia and provide possible new therapeutic targets in the field of sleep disorders.

Keywords: acute insomnia; chronic insomnia; gut microbiome; inflammatory cytokines; random forest.

Conflict of interest statement

All authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

© 2020 Li et al.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Phylogenetic diversity of gut microbiomes among AID, CID, and HC groups.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Comparison of relative abundance (>1% of the total sequences in either group) at the bacterial genus level between AID, CID, and HC groups.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Disease classification based on gut microbiome signature. (A and B) Classification performance of random forest model using relative abundance of insomnia-associated genera was assessed by area under the ROC in AID patients (A) and CID patients (B), respectively. (C and D) Identification of the signature gut microbiota associated with insomnia disorder by random forest. To identify the signature biomarkers, 5-fold cross-validation together with random forest was performed. (C) The detailed results of random forest in signature biomarkers’ random seed are presented between AID and HC group; (D) The detailed results of random forest in signature biomarkers’ random seed are presented between CID and HC group.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A) Partial correlation between relative abundance of signature gut microbiota and insomnia-related inflammatory cytokines by partial Spearman’s rank-based correlation test in AID and HC group. (B) Partial correlation between relative abundance of signature gut microbiota and insomnia-related inflammatory cytokines by partial Spearman’s rank-based correlation test in CID and HC group.

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