Effects of Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Countermovement Jump and Squat Performance Speed in Male Soccer Players: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial

Gracia María Gallego-Sendarrubias, José Luis Arias-Buría, Edurne Úbeda-D'Ocasar, Juan Pablo Hervás-Pérez, Manuel Antonio Rubio-Palomino, César Fernández-de-Las-Peñas, Juan Antonio Valera-Calero, Gracia María Gallego-Sendarrubias, José Luis Arias-Buría, Edurne Úbeda-D'Ocasar, Juan Pablo Hervás-Pérez, Manuel Antonio Rubio-Palomino, César Fernández-de-Las-Peñas, Juan Antonio Valera-Calero

Abstract

It has been suggested that Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (PENS) can increase muscle strength. No previous study has investigated changes in performance in semiprofessional soccer players. This study compares the effects of adding two sessions of PENS to a training program versus the single training program over sport performance attributes (e.g., jump height and squat speed) in healthy soccer players. A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted on twenty-three semiprofessional soccer players who were randomized into an experimental (PENS + training program) or control (single training program) group. The training program consisted of endurance and strength exercises separated by 15-min recovery period, three times/week. The experimental group received two single sessions of PENS one-week apart. Flight time and vertical jump height during the countermovement jump and squat performance speed were assessed before and after each session, and 30 days after the last session. Male soccer players receiving the PENS intervention before the training session experienced greater increases in the flight time, and therefore, in vertical jump height, after both sessions, but not one month after than those who did not receive the PENS intervention (F = 4.289, p = 0.003, η 2 p: 0.170). Similarly, soccer players receiving the PENS intervention experienced a greater increase in the squat performance speed after the second session, but not after the first session or one month after (F = 7.947, p < 0.001, η 2 p: 0.275). Adding two sessions of ultrasound-guided PENS before a training strength program improves countermovement jump and squat performance speed in soccer players.

Keywords: Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation; performance; soccer.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Femoral nerve ultrasound location for applying PENS over the left lower extremity: (a) Transducer placement; (b) ultrasound imaging of the femoral nerve.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Femoral nerve ultrasound location for applying PENS over the left lower extremity: (a) Transducer placement; (b) ultrasound imaging of the femoral nerve.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Countermovement jump measurement: (a) Starting position; (b) vertical jump after a fast-down countermovement.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Squat performance speed assessment.
Figure 4
Figure 4
CONSORT 2010 Flow Diagram.

References

    1. Leontijevic B., Janković A., Tomić L. Attacking performance profile of football teams in different national leagues according to UEFA rankings for club competitions. Facta Univ. Ser. Phys. Educ. Sport. 2019:697–708. doi: 10.22190/FUPES180404062L.
    1. Kubayi A., Toriola A. Physical demands analysis of soccer players during the extra-time periods of the UEFA Euro 2016. S. Afr. J. Sports Med. 2018;30:1–3. doi: 10.17159/2078-516X/2018/v30i1a4842.
    1. Morgans R., Orme P., Anderson L., Drust B. Principles and practices of training for soccer. J. Sport Health Sci. 2014;3:251–257. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2014.07.002.
    1. Reilly T., Gilbourne D. Science and football: A review of applied re- search in the football codes. J. Sports Sci. 2003;21:693–705. doi: 10.1080/0264041031000102105.
    1. Rowat O., Fenner J., Unnithan V. Technical and physical determinants of soccer match-play performance in elite youth soccer players. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit. 2017;57:369–379.
    1. Vaeyens R., Lenoir M., Williams A.M., Mazyn L., Philippaerts R. The effects of task constraints on visual search behaviour and decision-making skill in youth soccer players. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 2007;29:147–169. doi: 10.1123/jsep.29.2.147.
    1. Ryman Augustsson S., Arvidsson J., Haglund E. Jump height as performance indicator for the selection of youth football players to national teams. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit. 2019;59:1669–1675. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.19.09739-1.
    1. Helgerud J., Rodas G., Kemi O.J., Hoff J. Strength and endurance in elite football players. Int. J. Sports Med. 2011;32:677–682. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1275742.
    1. Bogdanis G., Papaspyrou A., Souglis A., Theos A., Sotiropoulos A., Maridaki M. The Sixth World Congress on Science and Football. Routledge; Antalya, Turkey: 2007. Effects of a hypertrophy and a maximal strength training programme on speed, force and power of soccer players; pp. 290–295.
    1. Wisløff U., Castagna C., Helgerud J., Jones R., Hoff J. Strong correlation of maximal squat strength with sprint performance and vertical jump height in elite soccer players. Br. J. Sports Med. 2004;38:285–288.
    1. Li H., Xu Q.R. Effect of percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for the treatment of migraine. Medicine. 2017;96:e8108. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000008108.
    1. Ilfeld B.M., Finneran J.J., 4th, Gabriel R.A., Said E.T., Nguyen P.L., Abramson W.B., Khatibi B., Sztain J.F., Swisher M.W., Jaeger P., et al. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation: Neuromodulation of the suprascapular nerve and brachial plexus for postoperative analgesia following ambulatory rotator cuff repair. A proof-of-concept study. Reg. Anesth. Pain Med. 2019 doi: 10.1136/rapm-2018-100121.
    1. Arias-Buría J.L., Cleland J.A., El Bachiri Y.R., Plaza-Manzano G., Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Ultrasound-Guided percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation of the radial nerve for a patient with lateral elbow pain: A case report with a 2-year follow-up. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 2019;49:347–354. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2019.8570.
    1. Ilfeld B.M., Gabriel R.A., Said E.T., Monahan A.M., Sztain J.F., Abramson W.B., Khatibi B., Finneran J.J., 4th, Jaeger P.T., Schwartz A.K., et al. Ultrasound-Guided percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation: Neuromodulation of the sciatic nerve for postoperative analgesia following ambulatory foot surgery, a proof-of-concept study. Reg. Anesth. Pain Med. 2018;43:580–589. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000819.
    1. Verrills P., Russo M. Peripheral nerve stimulation for back pain. Prog. Neurol. Surg. 2015;29:127–138.
    1. Álvarez-Prats D., Carvajal-Fernández O., Pérez-Mallada N., Minaya-Muñoz F. Changes in maximal isometric quadriceps strength after the application of ultrasound-guided percutaneous neuromodulation of the femoral nerve: A case series. J. Invasive Tech. Phys. Ther. 2019;2:39–45. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1688551.
    1. De-la-Cruz-Torres B., Carrasco-Iglesias C., Minaya-Muñoz F., Romero-Morales C. Crossover effects of ultrasound-guided percutaneous neuromodulation on contralateral hamstring flexibility. Acupunct. Med. 2020;13 doi: 10.1177/0964528420920283.
    1. Zwarenstein M., Treweek S., Gagnier J.J., Altman D.G., Tunis S., Haynes B., Oxman A.D., Moher D., CONSORT group. Pragmatic Trials in Healthcare group Improving the reporting of pragmatic trials: An extension of the CONSORT statement. BMJ. 2008;337:2390. doi: 10.1136/bmj.a2390.
    1. Gustafson K.J., Pinault G.C.J., Neville J.J., Syed I., Davis J.A., Jr., Jean-Claude J., Triolo R.J. Fascicular anatomy of human femoral nerve: Implications for neural prostheses using nerve cuff electrodes. J. Rehabil. Res. 2009;46:973–984. doi: 10.1682/JRRD.2008.08.0097.
    1. Makhlouf I., Castagna C., Manzi V., Laurencelle L., Behm D.G., Chaouachi A. Effect of Sequencing Strength and Endurance Training in Young Male Soccer Players. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2016;30:841–850. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001164.
    1. Hoff J. Training and testing physical capacities for elite soccer players. J. Sports Sci. 2005;23:573–582. doi: 10.1080/02640410400021252.
    1. Pueo B., Jimenez-Olmedo J.M., Lipińska P., Buśko K., Penichet-Tomas A. Concurrent validity and reliability of proprietary and open-source jump mat systems for the assessment of vertical jumps in sport sciences. Acta Bioeng. Biomech. 2018;20:51–57.
    1. Rago V., Brito J., Figueiredo P., Carvalho T., Fernandes T., Fonseca P., Rebelo A. Countermovement Jump Analysis Using Different Portable Devices: Implications for Field Testing. Sports. 2018;6:91. doi: 10.3390/sports6030091.
    1. Jakobsen M.D., Sundstrup E., Randers M.B., Kjær M., Andersen L.L., Krustrup P., Aagaard P. The effect of strength training, recreational soccer and running exercise on stretch-shortening cycle muscle performance during countermovement jumping. Hum. Mov. Sci. 2012;31:970–986. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2011.10.001.
    1. Pérez-Castilla A., Piepoli A., Delgado-García G., Garrido-Blanca G., García-Ramos A. Reliability and concurrent validity of seven commercially available devices for the assessment of movement velocity at different intensities during the bench press. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2019;33:1258–1265. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003118.
    1. Capili B., Anastasi J.K., Geiger J.N. Adverse event reporting in acupuncture clinical trials focusing on pain. Clin. J. Pain. 2010;26:43–48. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e3181b2c985.
    1. Van Breukelen G.J.P. ANCOVA versus change from baseline had more power in randomized studies and more bias in nonrandomized studies. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 2006;59:920–925. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.02.007.
    1. Gray C.D., Kinnear P.R. IBM SPSS Statistics 19. Psychology Press; East Sussex, UK: 2012.
    1. Molsberger A., McCaig C.D. Percutaneous direct current stimulation-a new electroceutical solution for severe neurological pain and soft tissue injuries. Med. Devices. 2018;11:205–214. doi: 10.2147/MDER.S163368.
    1. Miao Q., Qiang J.H., Jin Y.L. Effectiveness of percutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation for neck pain relief in patients with cervical spondylosis. Medicine. 2018;97:e11080. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000011080.
    1. Requena-Sánchez B., Padial-Puche P., González-Badillo J.J. Percutaneous electrical stimulation in strength training: An update. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2005;19:438–448. doi: 10.1519/13173.1.
    1. Pietrosimone B.G., Saliba S.A. Changes in voluntary quadriceps activation predict changes in quadriceps strength after therapeutic exercise in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Knee. 2012;19:939–943. doi: 10.1016/j.knee.2012.03.002.
    1. Herrero A.J., Martín J., Martín T., Abadía O., Fernández B., García-López D. Short-term effect of strength training with and without superimposed electrical stimulation on muscle strength and anaerobic performance. A randomized controlled trial. Part I. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2010;24:1609–1615. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181dc427e.
    1. Krommes K., Petersen J., Nielsen M.B., Aagaard P., Hölmich P., Thorborg K. Sprint and jump performance in elite male soccer players following a 10-week Nordic Hamstring exercise Protocol: A randomised pilot study. BMC Res. Notes. 2017;10:669. doi: 10.1186/s13104-017-2986-x.
    1. Serpell B.G., Scarvell J.M., Ball N.B., Smith P.N. Mechanisms and risk factors for noncontact ACL injury in age mature athletes who engage in field or court sports: A summary of the literature since 1980. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2012;26:3160–3176. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318243fb5a.
    1. Acevedo R.J., Rivera-Vega A., Miranda G., Micheo W. Anterior cruciate ligament injury: Identification of risk factors and prevention strategies. Curr. Sports Med. Rep. 2014;13:186–191. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000053.

Source: PubMed

스폰서 및 공동 작업자

건강 상태

약물 개입

3
구독하다