Using fMRI to localize target regions for implanted brain-computer interfaces in locked-in syndrome
Sacha Leinders, Mariska J Vansteensel, Giovanni Piantoni, Mariana P Branco, Zac V Freudenburg, Tineke A Gebbink, Elmar G M Pels, Mathijs A H Raemaekers, Anouck Schippers, Erik J Aarnoutse, Nick F Ramsey, Sacha Leinders, Mariska J Vansteensel, Giovanni Piantoni, Mariana P Branco, Zac V Freudenburg, Tineke A Gebbink, Elmar G M Pels, Mathijs A H Raemaekers, Anouck Schippers, Erik J Aarnoutse, Nick F Ramsey
Abstract
Objective: Electrocorticography (ECoG)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) systems have the potential to improve quality of life of people with locked-in syndrome (LIS) by restoring their ability to communicate independently. Before implantation of such a system, it is important to localize ECoG electrode target regions. Here, we assessed the predictive value of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for the localization of suitable target regions on the sensorimotor cortex for ECoG-based BCI in people with locked-in syndrome.
Methods: Three people with locked-in syndrome were implanted with a chronic, fully implantable ECoG-BCI system. We compared pre-surgical fMRI activity with post-implantation ECoG activity from areas known to be active and inactive during attempted hand movement (sensorimotor hand region and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, respectively).
Results: Results showed a spatial match between fMRI activity and changes in ECoG low and high frequency band power (10 - 30 and 65 - 95 Hz, respectively) during attempted movement. Also, we found that fMRI can be used to select a sub-set of electrodes that show strong task-related signal changes that are therefore likely to generate adequate BCI control.
Conclusions: Our findings indicate that fMRI is a useful non-invasive tool for the pre-surgical workup of BCI implant candidates.
Significance: If these results are confirmed in more BCI studies, fMRI might be used for more efficient surgical BCI procedures with focused cortical coverage and lower participant burden.
Keywords: Brain-computer interface; Electrocorticography; Implant; Locked-in syndrome; fMRI.
Conflict of interest statement
Declaration of Interest NFR is co-founder and director at Braincarta, which specializes in off-the-shelf fMRI software for clinical assessment of brain anatomy and functioning. Braincarta software was not used for the analyses described in this manuscript. The authors report no other competing interests.
Copyright © 2023 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Source: PubMed