Stridor in multiple system atrophy: Consensus statement on diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment

Pietro Cortelli, Giovanna Calandra-Buonaura, Eduardo E Benarroch, Giulia Giannini, Alex Iranzo, Phillip A Low, Paolo Martinelli, Federica Provini, Niall Quinn, Eduardo Tolosa, Gregor K Wenning, Giovanni Abbruzzese, Pamela Bower, Enrico Alfonsi, Imad Ghorayeb, Tetsutaro Ozawa, Claudio Pacchetti, Nicolò Gabriele Pozzi, Claudio Vicini, Angelo Antonini, Kailash P Bhatia, Jacopo Bonavita, Horacio Kaufmann, Maria Teresa Pellecchia, Nicole Pizzorni, Antonio Schindler, François Tison, Luca Vignatelli, Wassilios G Meissner, Pietro Cortelli, Giovanna Calandra-Buonaura, Eduardo E Benarroch, Giulia Giannini, Alex Iranzo, Phillip A Low, Paolo Martinelli, Federica Provini, Niall Quinn, Eduardo Tolosa, Gregor K Wenning, Giovanni Abbruzzese, Pamela Bower, Enrico Alfonsi, Imad Ghorayeb, Tetsutaro Ozawa, Claudio Pacchetti, Nicolò Gabriele Pozzi, Claudio Vicini, Angelo Antonini, Kailash P Bhatia, Jacopo Bonavita, Horacio Kaufmann, Maria Teresa Pellecchia, Nicole Pizzorni, Antonio Schindler, François Tison, Luca Vignatelli, Wassilios G Meissner

Abstract

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a combination of autonomic failure, cerebellar ataxia, and parkinsonism. Laryngeal stridor is an additional feature for MSA diagnosis, showing a high diagnostic positive predictive value, and its early occurrence might contribute to shorten survival. A consensus definition of stridor in MSA is lacking, and disagreement persists about its diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. An International Consensus Conference among experts with methodological support was convened in Bologna in 2017 to define stridor in MSA and to reach consensus statements for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Stridor was defined as a strained, high-pitched, harsh respiratory sound, mainly inspiratory, occurring only during sleep or during both sleep and wakefulness, and caused by laryngeal dysfunction leading to narrowing of the rima glottidis. According to the consensus, stridor may be recognized clinically by the physician if present at the time of examination, with the help of a witness, or by listening to an audio recording. Laryngoscopy is suggested to exclude mechanical lesions or functional vocal cord abnormalities related to different neurologic conditions. If the suspicion of stridor needs confirmation, drug-induced sleep endoscopy or video polysomnography may be useful. The impact of stridor on survival and quality of life remains uncertain. Continuous positive airway pressure and tracheostomy are both suggested as symptomatic treatment of stridor, but whether they improve survival is uncertain. Several research gaps emerged involving diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Unmet needs for research were identified.

Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology.

Figures

Figure. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews…
Figure. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flow diagram
Process and result of the systematic search for studies on stridor in multiple system atrophy.

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