Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Occupational Balance Questionnaire: An Instrument for Occupation-Based Research

Paula Peral-Gómez, Sofía López-Roig, María Ángeles Pastor-Mira, Ester Abad-Navarro, Desirée Valera-Gran, Carita Håkansson, Petra Wagman, Paula Peral-Gómez, Sofía López-Roig, María Ángeles Pastor-Mira, Ester Abad-Navarro, Desirée Valera-Gran, Carita Håkansson, Petra Wagman

Abstract

Occupational balance (OB) may be a major determinant of health outcomes due to its role in bringing a sense of purpose in the occupations that are personally experienced as a process of getting health and wellness. The Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ) is a reliable instrument for measuring OB, although it has not been adapted and validated in Spain so far; therefore, this study had a double aim: (1) to translate and cross-culturally adapt the original OBQ version into Spanish (OBQ-E); (2) to analyze the psychometric properties for its use in the Spanish population. Standard procedures were used for the cross-adaptation process and pilot testing was carried out using three different samples to extend the applicability of the OBQ-E. Validation measures of the final version of the OBQ-E were conducted in a sample of 219 participants. The OBQ-E showed that items and instructions were culturally appropriate and written clearly. Psychometric testing showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.87; Guttman split-half coefficient = 0.85), good test-retest reliability (rs (Spearman rho) = 0.73), and acceptable convergent validity (overall status, rs = 0.37; Related Quality of Life, rs = 0.42; Satisfaction with Life Scale, rs = 0.54). The findings suggest that the OBQ-E may be a suitable instrument for assessing OB in the Spanish population; hence, it is a promising tool for epidemiological research that will significantly contribute to the understanding of OB as a health-related factor. Nevertheless, further investigation is also warranted to explore the potentiality of this instrument for clinical purposes.

Keywords: adaptation; occupational balance; psychometric testing; questionnaire; validation.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. D.V.-G. belongs to Editorial Board for this Special Issue in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health and declare that they had no role in the peer review process of the manuscript.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart for the cross-cultural adaptation and translation process of the OBQ-E.

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