Impact of Macintosh blade size on endotracheal intubation success in intensive care units: a retrospective multicenter observational MacSize-ICU study

Thomas Godet, Audrey De Jong, Côme Garin, Renaud Guérin, Benjamin Rieu, Lucile Borao, Bruno Pereira, Nicolas Molinari, Jean-Etienne Bazin, Matthieu Jabaudon, Gérald Chanques, Emmanuel Futier, Samir Jaber, Thomas Godet, Audrey De Jong, Côme Garin, Renaud Guérin, Benjamin Rieu, Lucile Borao, Bruno Pereira, Nicolas Molinari, Jean-Etienne Bazin, Matthieu Jabaudon, Gérald Chanques, Emmanuel Futier, Samir Jaber

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the impact of Macintosh blade size used during direct laryngoscopy (DL) on first-attempt intubation success of orotracheal intubation in French intensive care units (ICUs). We hypothesized that success rate would be higher with Macintosh blade size No3 than with No4.

Methods: Multicenter retrospective observational study based on data from prospective trials conducted in 48 French ICUs of university, and general and private hospitals. After each intubation using Macintosh DL, patients' and operators' characteristics, Macintosh blade size, results of first DL and alternative techniques used, as well as the need of a second operator were collected. Complications rates associated with intubation were investigated. Primary outcome was success rate of first DL using Macintosh blade.

Results: A total of 2139 intubations were collected, 629 with a Macintosh blade No3 and 1510 with a No4. Incidence of first-pass intubation after first DL was significantly higher with Macintosh blade No3 (79.5 vs 73.3%, p = 0.0025), despite equivalent Cormack-Lehane scores (p = 0.48). Complications rates were equivalent between groups. Multivariate analysis concluded to a significant impact of Macintosh blade size on first DL success in favor of blade No3 (OR 1.44 [95% CI 1.14-1.84]; p = 0.0025) without any significant center effect on the primary outcome (p = 0.18). Propensity scores and adjustment analyses concluded to equivalent results.

Conclusion: In the present study, Macintosh blade No3 was associated with improved first-passed DL in French ICUs. However, study design requires the conduct of a nationwide prospective multicenter randomized trial in different settings to confirm these results.

Keywords: Complications; Intensive care unit; Intubation; Laryngoscopy; Macintosh blade.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest related to the present work.

© 2022. The Author(s).

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flowchart of included patients
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Results of first-attempt direct laryngoscopy and intubation success rates, and glottic view according to Cormack–Lehane score
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Complications rates of intubation according to Macintosh blade size. Moderate complications include esophageal intubation, tooth injury, operator reported aspiration, laryngeal injury, agitation, and cardiac arrhythmia. Severe complications include hypoxemia, cardiovascular collapse, cardiac arrest, and death related to intubation

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