Prevalence of apical periodontitis and endodontic treatment in a Kosovar adult population

Blerim Kamberi, Veton Hoxha, Miranda Stavileci, Edmond Dragusha, Astrit Kuçi, Lumnije Kqiku, Blerim Kamberi, Veton Hoxha, Miranda Stavileci, Edmond Dragusha, Astrit Kuçi, Lumnije Kqiku

Abstract

Background: Despite numerous studies on the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) and endodontic treatment in diverse geographical populations, there are currently no data on the prevalence of these conditions in populations of adults native to Kosovo. Therefore, little is known about how widespread these conditions are, and whether there is any correlation between root canal treatment and AP. The purpose of our research was to address this anomaly by investigating AP and endodontic treatment in an adult Kosovar population based on radiographic examination.

Methods: The sample used for this study consisted of randomly selected individuals referred to the University Dentistry Clinical Center of Kosovo in the years 2006-2007. Orthopantomographs of 193 patients were evaluated. The periapical status of all teeth (with the exception of third molars) was examined according to Ørstavik's Periapical Index. The quality of the root canal filling was rated as 'adequate' or 'inadequate' based on whether all canals were filled, the depth of fill relative to the radiographic apex and the quality of compaction (absence/presence of voids). Data were analyzed statistically using the Chi-square test and calculation of odds ratios.

Results: Out of 4131 examined teeth, the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) and endodontic treatment was 12.3% and 2.3%, respectively. Of 95 endodontically-treated teeth, 46.3% were associated with AP. The prevalence of AP increased with age. The prevalence in subjects aged over 60 years old (20.2%) was higher than in other age groups. A statistically significant difference was found for the frequency of endodontically-treated teeth associated with AP in the 40-49 year age group (P < 0.001). Of some concern was the discovery that only 30.5% of the endodontically-treated teeth examined met the criteria of an acceptable root canal filling. Inadequately root-filled teeth were associated with an increased AP risk.

Conclusions: The prevalence of AP and the frequency of endodontically-treated teeth with AP in this Kosovar population are higher than those found in other countries. Inadequate root canal fillings were associated with an increased prevalence of AP.

References

    1. Siqueira JF Jr, Rocas IN. Bacterial pathogenesis and mediators in apical periodontitis. Braz Dent J. 2007;18(4):267–280. doi: 10.1590/S0103-64402007000400001.
    1. Kakehashi S, Stanley HR, Fitzgerald RJ. The effects of surgical exposure of dental pulps in germ-free and convencional laboratory rats. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1965;20:340–349.
    1. Moller AJ, Fabricius L, Dahlen G, Sundqvist G, Happonen RP. Apical periodontitis development and bacterial response to endodontic treatment. Experimental root canal infections in monkeys with selected bacterial strains. Eur J Oral Sci. 2004;112:207–215. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2004.00135.x.
    1. Kirkevang LL, Vaeth M, Horsted-Bindslev P, Bahrami G, Wenzel A. Risk factors for developing apical periodontitis in a general population. Int Endod J. 2007;40:290–299. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2007.01224.x.
    1. Al-Omari MA, Hazaa A, Haddad F. Frequency and distribution of root filled teeth and apical periodontitis in a Jordanian subpopulation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2011;111(1):e59–65. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.08.007.
    1. Kabak Y, Abbott PV. Prevalence of apical periodontitis and the quality of endodontic treatment in an adult Belarusian population. Int Endod J. 2005;38(4):238–245. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2005.00942.x.
    1. Abbott PV. The periapical space--a dynamic interface. Aust Endod J. 2002;28(3):96–107. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4477.2002.tb00399.x.
    1. Nair PN. Pathogenesis of apical periodontitis and the causes of endodontic failures. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2004;15(6):348–381. doi: 10.1177/154411130401500604.
    1. Dugas NN, Lawrence HP, Teplitsky PE, Pharoah MJ, Friedman S. Periapical health and treatment quality assessment of root-filled teeth in two Canadian populations. Int Endod J. 2003;36(3):181–192. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2003.00640.x.
    1. De Moor RJ, Hommez GM, De Boever JG, Delme KI, Martens GE. Periapical health related to the quality of root canal treatment in a Belgian population. Int Endod J. 2000;33(2):113–120. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2000.00295.x.
    1. Lupi-Pegurier L, Bertrand MF, Muller-Bolla M, Rocca JP, Bolla M. Periapical status, prevalence and quality of endodontic treatment in an adult French population. Int Endod J. 2002;35(8):690–697. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2002.00547.x.
    1. Odesjo B, Hellden L, Salonen L, Langeland K. Prevalence of previous endodontic treatment, technical standard and occurrence of periapical lesions in a randomly selected adult, general population. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1990;6(6):265–272. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.1990.tb00430.x.
    1. Kirkevang LL, Orstavik D, Horsted-Bindslev P, Wenzel A. Periapical status and quality of root fillings and coronal restorations in a Danish population. Int Endod J. 2000;33(6):509–515. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2000.00381.x.
    1. Molven O, Halse A, Fristad I. Long-term reliability and observer comparisons in the radiographic diagnosis of periapical disease. Int Endod J. 2002;35(2):142–147. doi: 10.1046/j.0143-2885.2001.00525.x.
    1. Huumonen S, Orstavik D. Radiological aspects of apical periodontits. Endodontic Topics. 2002;1:3–25. doi: 10.1034/j.1601-1546.2002.10102.x.
    1. Estrela C, Leles CR, Hollanda AC, Moura MS, Pecora JD. Prevalence and risk factors of apical periodontitis in endodontically treated teeth in a selected population of Brazilian adults. Braz Dent J. 2008;19(1):34–39. doi: 10.1590/S0103-64402008000100006.
    1. Orstavik D, Kerekes K, Eriksen HM. The periapical index: a scoring system for rediographic assessment of apical periodontitis. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1986;2(20-34)
    1. Nair PN, Sjogren U, Figdor D, Sundqvist G. Persistent periapical radiolucencies of root-filled human teeth, failed endodontic treatments, and periapical scars. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1999;87(5):617–627. doi: 10.1016/S1079-2104(99)70145-9.
    1. De Cleen MJ, Schuurs AH, Wesselink PR, Wu MK. Periapical status and prevalence of endodontic treatment in an adult Dutch population. Int Endod J. 1993;26(2):112–119. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.1993.tb00552.x.
    1. Buckley M, Spangberg LS. The prevalence and technical quality of endodontic treatment in an American subpopulation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1995;79(1):92–100. doi: 10.1016/S1079-2104(05)80081-2.
    1. Eriksen HM, Berset GP, Hansen BF, Bjertness E. Changes in endodontic status 1973-1993 among 35-year-olds in Oslo, Norway. Int Endod J. 1995;28(3):129–132. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.1995.tb00286.x.
    1. Weiger R, Hitzler S, Hermle G, Lost C. Periapical status, quality of root canal fillings and estimated endodontic treatment needs in an urban German population. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1997;13(2):69–74. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.1997.tb00013.x.
    1. Kirkevang LL, Horsted-Bindslev P, Orstavik D, Wenzel A. Frequency and distribution of endodontically treated teeth and apical periodontitis in an urban Danish population. Int Endod J. 2001;34(3):198–205. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2001.00370.x.
    1. Loftus JJ, Keating AP, McCartan BE. Periapical status and quality of endodontic treatment in an adult Irish population. Int Endod J. 2005;38(2):81–86. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2004.00902.x.
    1. Jimenez-Pinzon A, Segura-Egea JJ, Poyato-Ferrera M, Velasco-Ortega E, Rios-Santos JV. Prevalence of apical periodontitis and frequency of root-filled teeth in an adult Spanish population. Int Endod J. 2004;37(3):167–173. doi: 10.1111/j.0143-2885.2004.00759.x.
    1. Tercas AG, de Oliveira AE, Lopes FF, Maia Filho EM. Radiographic study of the prevalence of apical periodontitis and endodontic treatment in the adult population of Sao Luis, MA, Brazil. J Appl Oral Sci. 2006;14(3):183–187. doi: 10.1590/S1678-77572006000300007.
    1. Tronstad L, Asbjornsen K, Doving L, Pedersen I, Eriksen HM. Influence of coronal restorations on the periapical health of endodontically treated teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol. 2000;16(5):218–221. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-9657.2000.016005218.x.
    1. Tavares PB, Bonte E, Boukpessi T, Siqueira JF Jr, Lasfargues JJ. Prevalence of apical periodontitis in root canal-treated teeth from an urban French population: influence of the quality of root canal fillings and coronal restorations. J Endod. 2009;35(6):810–813. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.03.048.
    1. Gencoglu N, Pekiner FN, Gumru B, Helvacioglu D. Periapical status and quality of root fillings and coronal restorations in an adult Turkish subpopulation. Eur J Dent. 2010;4(1):17–22.
    1. Marques MD, Moreira B, Eriksen HM. Prevalence of apical periodontitis and results of endodontic treatment in an adult, Portuguese population. Int Endod J. 1998;31(3):161–165.
    1. Eriksen HM. In: Essential Endodontology. 2. Orstavik D, Pitt Ford TR, editor. London: Blackwell Science, LTD; 1998. Epidemiology of apical periodontitis; pp. 179–191.
    1. Kirkevang LL. Periapical endodontic status in Danish populations. University of Arhus; 2001.
    1. Chugal NM, Clive JM, Spangberg LS. A prognostic model for assessment of the outcome of endodontic treatment: Effect of biologic and diagnostic variables. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2001;91(3):342–352. doi: 10.1067/moe.2001.113106.
    1. Dammaschke T, Steven D, Kaup M, Ott KH. Long-term survival of root-canal-treated teeth: a retrospective study over 10 years. J Endod. 2003;29(10):638–643. doi: 10.1097/00004770-200310000-00006.
    1. Orstavik D, Qvist V, Stoltze K. A multivariate analysis of the outcome of endodontic treatment. Eur J Oral Sci. 2004;112(3):224–230. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2004.00122.x.
    1. Georgopoulou MK, Spanaki-Voreadi AP, Pantazis N, Kontakiotis EG. Frequency and distribution of root filled teeth and apical periodontitis in a Greek population. Int Endod J. 2005;38(2):105–111. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2004.00907.x.
    1. Allard U, Palmqvist S. A radiographic survey of periapical conditions in elderly people in a Swedish county population. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1986;2(3):103–108. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.1986.tb00135.x.
    1. Spatafore CM, Griffin JA Jr, Keyes GG, Wearden S, Skidmore AE. Periapical biopsy report: an analysis of over a 10-year period. J Endod. 1990;16(5):239–241. doi: 10.1016/S0099-2399(06)81679-1.
    1. Saunders WP, Saunders EM, Sadiq J, Cruickshank E. Technical standard of root canal treatment in an adult Scottish sub-population. Br Dent J. 1997;182(10):382–386. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4809394.
    1. Petersson K, Petersson A, Olsson B, Hakansson J, Wennberg A. Technical quality of root fillings in an adult Swedish population. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1986;2(3):99–102. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.1986.tb00134.x.

Source: PubMed

스폰서 및 공동 작업자

건강 상태

약물 개입

3
구독하다