Relationship between gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and dietary factors in Korea

Ji Hyun Song, Su Jin Chung, Jun Haeng Lee, Young-Ho Kim, Dong Kyung Chang, Hee Jung Son, Jae J Kim, Jong Chul Rhee, Poong-Lyul Rhee, Ji Hyun Song, Su Jin Chung, Jun Haeng Lee, Young-Ho Kim, Dong Kyung Chang, Hee Jung Son, Jae J Kim, Jong Chul Rhee, Poong-Lyul Rhee

Abstract

Background/aims: The incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is increasing in Korea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between GERD symptoms and dietary factors in Korea.

Methods: From January 2007 to April 2008, 162 subjects were enrolled (81 in GERD group and 81 in control group). They were asked to complete the questionnaires about GERD symptoms and dietary habits. The symptom severity score was recorded by visual analogue scale.

Results: Subjects with overweight or obesity had an increased risk for GERD (OR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.18-5.39). Irregular dietary intake was one of the risk factors for GERD (OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.11-4.89). Acid regurgitation was the most suffering (2.85 ± 2.95 by visual analogue scale) and frequent reflux-related symptom (57.5%) in GERD. Noodles (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.12-1.34), spicy foods (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02-1.16), fatty meals (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.09-1.33), sweets (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.00-2.02), alcohol (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.03-1.31), breads (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.01-1.34), carbonated drinks (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.04-2.74) and caffeinated drinks (OR,1.41; 95% CI, 1.15-1.73) were associated with symptom aggravation in GERD. Among the investigated noodles, ramen (instant noodle) caused reflux-related symptoms most frequently (52.4%).

Conclusions: We found that noodles, spicy foods, fatty meals, sweets, alcohol, breads, carbonated drinks and caffeinated drinks were associated with reflux-related symptoms.

Keywords: Diet; Food habits; Gastroesophageal reflux disease; Symptom.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest: None.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The severity of symptoms related with reflux. The severities of symptoms were measured by visual analogue scale. Acid regurgitation was the most suffering reflux related symptom in gastroesophageal reflux disease (*P < 0.05). GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; VAS, visual analogue scale.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The specific foods and their symptom severity scores in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and control groups. Noodles, spicy foods, fatty meals, sweets, alcohol, citrus fruits, breads, carbonated drinks and caffeinated drinks were associated with significantly higher symptom severity score in GERD group (*P < 0.05).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Relationship between reflux-related symptoms and symptom severity scores aggravated by several foods in gastroesophageal reflux disease. The symptoms of acid regurgitation, dyspepsia, epigastric soreness and heartburn were more aggravated by these foods.

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Source: PubMed

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