Comparing pharmacologic measures of tenofovir exposure in a U.S. pre-exposure prophylaxis randomized trial

Sanjiv M Baxi, Eric Vittinghoff, Peter Bacchetti, Yong Huang, Kata Chillag, Ryan Wiegand, Peter L Anderson, Robert Grant, Ruth M Greenblatt, Susan Buchbinder, Monica Gandhi, Albert Y Liu, Sanjiv M Baxi, Eric Vittinghoff, Peter Bacchetti, Yong Huang, Kata Chillag, Ryan Wiegand, Peter L Anderson, Robert Grant, Ruth M Greenblatt, Susan Buchbinder, Monica Gandhi, Albert Y Liu

Abstract

Clinical Trials.gov NCT00131677.

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: Gilead Sciences provided Viread® (Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA), but were not involved in the analysis or interpretation of the results and did not provide input regarding the decision to publish this manuscript. Sanjiv M. Baxi declares that he has no conflict of interest. Eric Vittinghoff declares that he has no conflict of interest. Peter Bacchetti declares that he has no conflict of interest. Yong Huang declares that he has no conflict of interest. Kata Chillag declares that she has no conflict of interest. Ryan Wiegand declares that he has no conflict of interest. Peter L. Anderson received study drug donation and contract work from Gilead Sciences, paid to the institution. Robert Grant’s employers have received unrestricted funds or research grants from GSK and Gilead. Ruth M. Greenblatt declares that she has no conflict of interest. Susan Buchbinder has participated in trials in which study drug and support for drug level testing were provided by Gilead. Monica Gandhi declares that she has no conflict of interest. Albert Y. Liu has participated in trials in which study drug and support for drug level testing were provided by Gilead. The contents of this manuscript are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the City and County of San Francisco, NIH or CDC. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Figures

Fig 1. Study design and participant disposition.
Fig 1. Study design and participant disposition.
Fig 2. Scatterplots of PBMC TFV-DP concentration…
Fig 2. Scatterplots of PBMC TFV-DP concentration versus plasma TFV concentration (2a), PBMC TFV-DP concentration versus hair TFV concentration (2b) and plasma TFV concentration versus hair TFV concentration (2c).

References

    1. Grant RM, Lama JR, Anderson PL, McMahan V, Liu AY, Vargas L, et al. Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(27):2587–99. Epub 2010/11/26. doi: .
    1. Baeten JM, Donnell D, Ndase P, Mugo NR, Campbell JD, Wangisi J, et al. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention in heterosexual men and women. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(5):399–410. Epub 2012/07/13. doi:
    1. Thigpen MC, Kebaabetswe PM, Paxton LA, Smith DK, Rose CE, Segolodi TM, et al. Antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis for heterosexual HIV transmission in Botswana. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(5):423–34. Epub 2012/07/13. doi: .
    1. Choopanya K, Martin M, Suntharasamai P, Sangkum U, Mock PA, Leethochawalit M, et al. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV infection in injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand (the Bangkok Tenofovir Study): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2013;381(9883):2083–90. doi: .
    1. McCormack S, and Dunn, D. Pragmatic Open-Label Randomised Trial of Preexposure Prophylaxis: The PROUD Study. 22nd Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; Seattle, Washington, USA2015.
    1. Molina J-M, Capitant, C, Charreau, I, Meyer, L, Spire, B, Pialoux, G, Chidiac, C, Delfraissy, J-F, Tremblay, C. On Demand PrEP With Oral TDF-FTC in MSM: Results of the ANRS Ipergay Trial. 22nd Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; Seattle, Washington, USA2015.
    1. Centers for Disease Control (CDC). New HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Guidelines. Press Release issued May 15, 2014. (Accessed July 15, 2014).
    1. World Health Organization. Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations. Publication date July 2014. (Accessed July 15, 2014).
    1. Van Damme L, Corneli A, Ahmed K, Agot K, Lombaard J, Kapiga S, et al. Preexposure prophylaxis for HIV infection among African women. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(5):411–22. doi: .
    1. Marrazzo JM, Ramjee G, Richardson BA, Gomez K, Mgodi N, Nair G, et al. Tenofovir-based preexposure prophylaxis for HIV infection among African women. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(6):509–18. doi:
    1. Anderson PL, Glidden DV, Liu A, Buchbinder S, Lama JR, Guanira JV, et al. Emtricitabine-tenofovir concentrations and pre-exposure prophylaxis efficacy in men who have sex with men. Sci Transl Med. 2012;4(151):151ra25 doi:
    1. Donnell D, Baeten JM, Bumpus NN, Brantley J, Bangsberg DR, Haberer JE, et al. HIV protective efficacy and correlates of tenofovir blood concentrations in a clinical trial of PrEP for HIV prevention. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014;66(3):340–8. doi:
    1. Berg KM, Arnsten JH. Practical and conceptual challenges in measuring antiretroviral adherence. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006;43 Suppl 1:S79–87. doi: .
    1. Kagee A, Nel A. Assessing the association between self-report items for HIV pill adherence and biological measures. AIDS Care. 2012;24(11):1448–52. Epub 2012/06/08. doi: .
    1. Baxi SM, Liu A, Bacchetti P, Mutua G, Sanders EJ, Kibengo FM, et al. Comparing the novel method of assessing PrEP adherence/exposure using hair samples to other pharmacologic and traditional measures. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015;68(1):13–20. doi:
    1. Donnell DJ, Baeten JM, Hong T, Lingappa JR, Mujugira A, Nakku-Joloba E, et al. Correlation between pill counts and biologic effects in an HIV-1 prevention clinical trial: implications for measuring adherence. AIDS and behavior. 2013;17(2):632–9. doi:
    1. Haberer JE, Baeten JM, Campbell J, Wangisi J, Katabira E, Ronald A, et al. Adherence to antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention: a substudy cohort within a clinical trial of serodiscordant couples in East Africa. PLoS medicine. 2013;10(9):e1001511 doi:
    1. Baisley K, Baeten JM, Hughes JP, Donnell DJ, Wang J, Hayes R, et al. Summary measures of adherence using pill counts in two HIV prevention trials: the need for standardisation in reporting. AIDS and behavior. 2013;17(9):3108–19. doi:
    1. Pullar T, Kumar S, Tindall H, Feely M. Time to stop counting the tablets? Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 1989;46(2):163–8. Epub 1989/08/01. .
    1. Cramer JA, Mattson RH, Prevey ML, Scheyer RD, Ouellette VL. How often is medication taken as prescribed? A novel assessment technique. JAMA. 1989;261(22):3273–7. Epub 1989/06/09. .
    1. Liu H, Golin CE, Miller LG, Hays RD, Beck CK, Sanandaji S, et al. A comparison study of multiple measures of adherence to HIV protease inhibitors. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134(10):968–77. Epub 2001/05/16. .
    1. Muller AD, Jaspan HB, Myer L, Hunter AL, Harling G, Bekker LG, et al. Standard measures are inadequate to monitor pediatric adherence in a resource-limited setting. AIDS and behavior. 2011;15(2):422–31. Epub 2010/10/19. doi:
    1. Wendel C, Mohler M, Kroesen K, Ampel N, Gifford A, Coons S. Barriers to use of electronic adherence monitoring in an HIV clinic. Ann Pharmacother. 2001;35:1010–5. doi:
    1. Nettles RE, Kieffer TL, Parsons T, Johnson J, Cofrancesco J Jr., Gallant JE, et al. Marked intraindividual variability in antiretroviral concentrations may limit the utility of therapeutic drug monitoring. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42(8):1189–96. doi: .
    1. Wertheimer BZ, Freedberg KA, Walensky RP, Yazdanapah Y, Losina E. Therapeutic drug monitoring in HIV treatment: a literature review. HIV Clin Trials. 2006;7(2):59–69. doi: .
    1. Louissaint NA, Cao YJ, Skipper PL, Liberman RG, Tannenbaum SR, Nimmagadda S, et al. Single dose pharmacokinetics of oral tenofovir in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, colonic tissue, and vaginal tissue. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2013;29(11):1443–50. Epub 2013/04/23. doi:
    1. Cramer JA, Scheyer RD, Mattson RH. Compliance declines between clinic visits. Arch Intern Med. 1990;150(7):1509–10. Epub 1990/07/01. .
    1. Podsadecki TJ, Vrijens BC, Tousset EP, Rode RA, Hanna GJ. "White coat compliance" limits the reliability of therapeutic drug monitoring in HIV-1-infected patients. HIV Clin Trials. 2008;9(4):238–46. doi: .
    1. Gandhi M, Glidden DV, Liu A, Anderson PL, Horng H, Defechereuz P, et al. Strong correlation between concentrations of tenofovir (TFV)/emtricitabine (FTC) in hair and TFV diphosphate and FTC triphosphate in dried blood spots in the iPrEx open label extension: implications for pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence monitoring. The Journal of infectious diseases. 2015. doi: .
    1. Grant RM, Anderson PL, McMahan V, Liu A, Amico KR, Mehrotra M, et al. Uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis, sexual practices, and HIV incidence in men and transgender women who have sex with men: a cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014. Epub 2014/07/30. doi: .
    1. Beumer JH, Bosman IJ, Maes RA. Hair as a biological specimen for therapeutic drug monitoring. International journal of clinical practice. 2001;55(6):353–7. .
    1. Grohskopf LA, Chillag KL, Gvetadze R, Liu AY, Thompson M, Mayer KH, et al. Randomized Trial of Clinical Safety of Daily Oral Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Among HIV-Uninfected Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013;64(1):79–86. doi: .
    1. Anderson PL, Kakuda TN, Lichtenstein KA. The cellular pharmacology of nucleoside- and nucleotide-analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors and its relationship to clinical toxicities. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38(5):743–53. doi: .
    1. Delahunty T, Bushman L, Fletcher CV. Sensitive assay for determining plasma tenofovir concentrations by LC/MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2006;830(1):6–12. doi: .
    1. Bushman LR, Kiser JJ, Rower JE, Klein B, Zheng JH, Ray ML, et al. Determination of nucleoside analog mono-, di-, and tri-phosphates in cellular matrix by solid phase extraction and ultra-sensitive LC-MS/MS detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2011;56(2):390–401. Epub 2011/07/01. doi:
    1. Gandhi M, Ameli N, Bacchetti P, Anastos K, Gange SJ, Minkoff H, et al. Atazanavir concentration in hair is the strongest predictor of outcomes on antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52(10):1267–75. Epub 2011/04/22. doi:
    1. Liu AY, Yang Q, Huang Y, Bacchetti P, Anderson PL, Jin C, et al. Strong relationship between oral dose and tenofovir hair levels in a randomized trial: hair as a potential adherence measure for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). PLoS One. 2014;9(1):e83736 Epub 2014/01/15. doi:
    1. Yang Q, Liu A, Gandhi M, Greenblatt R, Gee W, Huang Y. LC/LC/MS assay of tenofovir in human hair for pre-exposure prophylaxis. Association of Pharmaceutical Sciences (AAPS) Annual Meeting; New Orleans, LA, USA 2010; Abstract # T2328.
    1. Agot K, Taylor D, Corneli AL, Wang M, Ambia J, Kashuba AD, et al. Accuracy of self-report and pill-count measures of adherence in the FEM-PrEP clinical trial: implications for future HIV-prevention trials. AIDS and behavior. 2014. doi: .
    1. Haberer JE, Kiwanuka J, Nansera D, Ragland K, Mellins C, Bangsberg DR. Multiple measures reveal antiretroviral adherence successes and challenges in HIV-infected Ugandan children. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e36737 Epub 2012/05/17. doi:
    1. Liu A, Glidden DV, Anderson PL, Amico KR, McMahan V, Mehrotra M, et al. Patterns and correlates of PrEP drug detection among MSM and transgender women in the Global iPrEx Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014;67(5):528–37. doi:
    1. De Kesel PM, Sadones N, Capiau S, Lambert WE, Stove CP. Hemato-critical issues in quantitative analysis of dried blood spots: challenges and solutions. Bioanalysis. 2013;5(16):2023–41. Epub 2013/08/14. doi: .
    1. Gandhi M, Yang Q, Bacchetti P, Huang Y. Short communication: A low-cost method for analyzing nevirapine levels in hair as a marker of adherence in resource-limited settings. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2014;30(1):25–8. doi:
    1. Hickey MD, Salmen CR, Tessler RA, Omollo D, Bacchetti P, Magerenge R, et al. Antiretroviral concentrations in small hair samples as a feasible marker of adherence in rural Kenya. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014;66(3):311–5. doi:
    1. Kromdijk W, Mulder JW, Smit PM, Ter Heine R, Beijnen JH, Huitema AD. Therapeutic drug monitoring of antiretroviral drugs at home using dried blood spots: a proof-of-concept study. Antiviral therapy. 2013;18(6):821–5. doi: .
    1. Gandhi M, Ameli N, Bacchetti P, Gange SJ, Anastos K, Levine A, et al. Protease inhibitor levels in hair strongly predict virologic response to treatment. AIDS (London, England). 2009;23(4):471–8. doi: .
    1. Liu A, Vittinghoff E, Gandhi M, Huang Y, Chillag K, Wiegand R, et al. Validating measures of tenofovir drug exposure in a U.S. pre-exposure prophylaxis trial. 17th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI), San Francisco, CA, USA. 2010; Paper Y-136.
    1. Lade JM, To EE, Hendrix C, Bumpus NN. Discovery of genetic variants of the kinases that activate tenofovir in a compartment-specific manner. EBioMedicine. 2015:1–8. Epub July 2, 2015. .

Source: PubMed

3
구독하다