Designing and Developing a Mobile Smartphone Application for Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Followed-Up at Diabetes Outpatient Clinics in Norway

Lisa Maria Garnweidner-Holme, Iren Borgen, Iñaki Garitano, Josef Noll, Mirjam Lukasse, Lisa Maria Garnweidner-Holme, Iren Borgen, Iñaki Garitano, Josef Noll, Mirjam Lukasse

Abstract

The prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is increasing worldwide. Controlling blood sugar levels is fundamental to the management of GDM. Current practice in Norway includes patients registering blood sugar levels in a booklet and receiving verbal and/or written health information. A smartphone application may provide patients individually targeted and easily available advice to control blood sugar levels. The aim of this paper is to document the process of designing and developing a smartphone application (the Pregnant+ app) that automatically transfers blood sugar levels from the glucometer and has information about healthy eating and physical activity. This formative research included expert-group discussions among health professionals, researchers and experts in data privacy and security. User-involvement studies were conducted to discuss prototypes of the app. Results indicated that the content of the application should be easy to understand given the varying degree of patients' literacy and in line with the information they receive at clinics. The final version of the app incorporated behavior change techniques such as self-monitoring and cues to action. Results from the first round of interactions show the importance of involving expert groups and patients when developing a mobile health-care device.

Keywords: gestational diabetes mellitus; healthy eating; mobile health care; physical activity; user-centered design.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Iterative process of the designing and developing the Pregnant+ app.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Presentation of the Pregnant+ app (shown on an iPhone interface): (A) four main icons (blood sugar, food and beverages, physical activity, diabetes) of the Pregnant+ smartphone app; (B) real-time feedback on blood sugar values; (C) information about healthy eating and drinking; and (D) information about physical activity.

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