Acute effects of beetroot juice and caffeine co-ingestion during a team-sport-specific intermittent exercise test in semi-professional soccer players: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Erfan Berjisian, Kerry McGawley, Bryan Saunders, Raúl Domínguez, Majid S Koozehchian, Caio Victor Coutinho de Oliveira, Ramin Rafiei, Hossein Miraftabi, Amir Sarshin, Alireza Naderi, Erfan Berjisian, Kerry McGawley, Bryan Saunders, Raúl Domínguez, Majid S Koozehchian, Caio Victor Coutinho de Oliveira, Ramin Rafiei, Hossein Miraftabi, Amir Sarshin, Alireza Naderi

Abstract

Background: Beetroot juice (BJ) and caffeine (CAF) are considered as ergogenic aids among athletes to enhance performance, however, the ergogenic effects of BJ and CAF co-ingestion are unclear during team-sport-specific performance. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of BJ and CAF co-ingestion on team-sport-specific performance, compared with placebo (PL), BJ, and CAF alone.

Method: Sixteen semi-professional male soccer players (age: 19.8 ± 2.2 years, body mass: 69.2 ± 6.1 kg, height: 177.3 ± 6.0 cm) completed four experimental trials using a randomized, double-blind study design: BJ + CAF, CAF + PL, BJ + PL, and PL + PL. Countermovement jump with arm swing (CMJAS) performance and cognitive function by Stroop Word-Color test were evaluated before and after the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 (YYIR1). Also, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate, and gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort were measured during each session.

Results: No significant differences were shown between test conditions for total distance covered in YYIR1 (BJ + CAF: 1858 ± 455 m, CAF + PL: 1798 ± 422 m, BJ + PL: 1845 ± 408 m, PL + PL 1740 ± 362 m; p = 0.55). Moreover, CMJAS performance, cognitive function, and RPE during the YYIR1 were not significantly different among conditions (p > 0.05). However, the average heart rate during the YYIR1 was higher in CAF + PL compared to PL + PL (by 6 ± 9 beats/min; p < 0.05), and GI distress was greater in BJ + CAF compared to PL + PL (by 2.4 ± 3.6 a.u.; p < 0.05).

Conclusion: These results suggest, neither acute co-ingestion of BJ + CAF nor BJ or CAF supplementation alone significantly affected team-sport-specific performance compared to the PL treatment.

Keywords: Countermovement jump; Ergogenic aids; Nitrate; Team-sport performance; Yo–Yo test.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

© 2022. The Author(s).

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Participant allocation according to BJ + CAF, BJ + PL, CAF + PL, PL + PL. BJ, Beetroot juice; CAF, caffeine; PL, placebo
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Schematic representation of the study design. BJ, Beetroot Juice; CAF, caffeine; PL, placebo; CMJAS, countermovement jump with arm swing, YYIR1, Yo–Yo intermittent recovery test level 1
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Mean ± SD for distance covered in the YYIR1 during the different supplementation sessions. Individual data are illustrated with grey dots. BJ, Beetroot juice; CAF, caffeine; PL, placebo
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Mean ± SD for maximum countermovement jump with arm swing height (A) and power output (B) pre- and post-YYIR1 during each supplementation condition. BJ, Beetroot juice; CAF, caffeine; PL, placebo

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