Salvia miltiorrhiza in Treating Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review on Its Pharmacological and Clinical Applications

Jie Ren, Li Fu, Shivraj Hariram Nile, Jun Zhang, Guoyin Kai, Jie Ren, Li Fu, Shivraj Hariram Nile, Jun Zhang, Guoyin Kai

Abstract

Bioactive chemical constitutes from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza classified in two major groups, viz., liposoluble tanshinones and water-soluble phenolics. Tanshinone IIA is a major lipid-soluble compound having promising health benefits. The in vivo and in vitro studies showed that the tanshinone IIA and salvianolate have a wide range of cardiovascular and other pharmacological effects, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, endothelial protective, myocardial protective, anticoagulation, vasodilation, and anti-atherosclerosis, as well as significantly help to reduce proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. In addition, some of the clinical studies reported that the S. miltiorrhiza preparations in combination with Western medicine were more effective for treatment of various cardiovascular diseases including angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and pulmonary heart diseases. In this review, we demonstrated the potential applications of S. miltiorrhiza, including pharmacological effects of salvianolate, tanshinone IIA, and its water-soluble derivative, like sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate. Moreover, we also provided details about the clinical applications of S. miltiorrhiza preparations in controlling the cardiovascular diseases.

Keywords: Salvia miltiorrhiza; antioxidative; atherosclerosis; cardiovascular diseases; endothelial protective; myocardial infarction.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structures of major tanshinones.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chemical structures of major salvianolic acids.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chemical structures of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Cardiovascular pharmacological effects of TsIIA, STS, and salvianolate (modified based on Li et al., 2018).

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