Proprioceptive and cutaneous sensations in humans elicited by intracortical microstimulation
Michelle Armenta Salas, Luke Bashford, Spencer Kellis, Matiar Jafari, HyeongChan Jo, Daniel Kramer, Kathleen Shanfield, Kelsie Pejsa, Brian Lee, Charles Y Liu, Richard A Andersen, Michelle Armenta Salas, Luke Bashford, Spencer Kellis, Matiar Jafari, HyeongChan Jo, Daniel Kramer, Kathleen Shanfield, Kelsie Pejsa, Brian Lee, Charles Y Liu, Richard A Andersen
Abstract
Pioneering work with nonhuman primates and recent human studies established intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) as a method of inducing discriminable artificial sensation. However, these artificial sensations do not yet provide the breadth of cutaneous and proprioceptive percepts available through natural stimulation. In a tetraplegic human with two microelectrode arrays implanted in S1, we report replicable elicitations of sensations in both the cutaneous and proprioceptive modalities localized to the contralateral arm, dependent on both amplitude and frequency of stimulation. Furthermore, we found a subset of electrodes that exhibited multimodal properties, and that proprioceptive percepts on these electrodes were associated with higher amplitudes, irrespective of the frequency. These novel results demonstrate the ability to provide naturalistic percepts through ICMS that can more closely mimic the body's natural physiological capabilities. Furthermore, delivering both cutaneous and proprioceptive sensations through artificial somatosensory feedback could improve performance and embodiment in brain-machine interfaces.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01964261.
Keywords: brain-machine interface; human; intracortical microstimulation; neuroscience; proprioception; somatosensation; somatosensory cortex.
Conflict of interest statement
MA, LB, SK, MJ, HJ, DK, KS, KP, BL, CL, RA No competing interests declared
© 2018, Armenta Salas et al.
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