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Protective Effect of Lactation Against Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Subsequent Pregnancies: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study (LACGDM)

29 mei 2026 bijgewerkt door: Burak Deniz Aydoğdu, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascıoglu Education and Research Hospital Organization

Protective Effect of Lactation Against Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Subsequent Pregnancy: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder of pregnancy associated with increased maternal and fetal morbidity. Lactation has been suggested to improve maternal glucose metabolism, enhance insulin sensitivity, and reduce the risk of future glucose intolerance. However, evidence regarding the protective effect of lactation on the development of GDM in subsequent pregnancies remains limited.

This prospective observational cohort study aims to evaluate the association between lactation and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and related pregnancy complications in women who conceive during the lactation period. Routine glycemic markers including fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, glycosuria, and 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results will be recorded. Ultrasonographic findings including fetal abdominal circumference percentile, estimated fetal weight percentile, and amniotic fluid index will also be assessed. The study will investigate whether lactation is associated with a reduced risk of GDM, fetal macrosomia, and polyhydramnios in subsequent pregnancies.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Werving

Conditie

Gedetailleerde beschrijving

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic complications of pregnancy and is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, including fetal macrosomia, polyhydramnios, cesarean delivery, and future development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Early identification of women at increased risk of GDM is essential for optimizing antenatal care and improving pregnancy outcomes.

Lactation has been reported to exert beneficial metabolic effects through increased glucose utilization, improved insulin sensitivity, and facilitation of postpartum weight loss. Previous studies have suggested that breastfeeding may reduce the long-term risk of type 2 diabetes in women with a history of GDM. However, evidence regarding the protective effect of lactation on the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus in subsequent pregnancies remains limited.

The present prospective observational cohort study aims to evaluate the relationship between lactation and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus in women who become pregnant during the lactation period. Pregnant women aged 18-50 years with singleton pregnancies who attend the participating obstetrics and gynecology clinics will be enrolled. Routine laboratory parameters obtained during antenatal care, including fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, glycosuria, and 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results, will be recorded.

In addition, routine ultrasonographic measurements, including fetal abdominal circumference percentile (AC), estimated fetal weight percentile (EFW), and amniotic fluid index (AFI), will be collected during the second and third trimesters. Maternal demographic and obstetric characteristics, including age, gravidity, parity, abortion history, and educational status, will also be documented.

The primary objective of the study is to determine whether lactation is associated with a reduced risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Secondary objectives include evaluating the association between lactation and pregnancy complications related to altered glucose metabolism, including fetal macrosomia and polyhydramnios. The findings of this study may contribute to a better understanding of the metabolic effects of lactation and provide evidence for strategies aimed at reducing the burden of gestational diabetes mellitus in future pregnancy.

Studietype

Observationeel

Inschrijving (Geschat)

140

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studiecontact

Studie Locaties

  • Turkije (Türkiye)
      • Istanbul, Turkije (Türkiye), 34384
        • Werving
        • Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşcıoğlu City Hospital
        • Contact:
      • Istanbul, Turkije (Türkiye), 34517
        • Werving
        • Esenyurt Necmi Kadıoğlu State Hospital
        • Contact:

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

  • Volwassen

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Ja

Bemonsteringsmethode

Niet-waarschijnlijkheidssteekproef

Studie Bevolking

Pregnant individuals aged 18-50 years who conceived during the lactation period and are receiving antenatal care at participating obstetrics and gynecology clinics. Participants must have singleton pregnancies and available routine glycemic and ultrasonographic follow-up data. The study population represents women undergoing standard prenatal care in a tertiary care and secondary care hospital setting.

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Pregnant individuals aged 18 to 50 years.
  • Singleton pregnancy.
  • Conception during the lactation period.
  • Follow-up at Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşcıoğlu City Hospital or Esenyurt Necmi Kadıoğlu State Hospital.
  • Availability of glycemic parameters including fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, glycosuria, and 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results.
  • Availability of routine ultrasonographic measurements including fetal abdominal circumference percentile (AC), estimated fetal weight percentile (EFW), and amniotic fluid index (AFI).

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Age below 18 years.
  • Age above 50 years.
  • Multiple pregnancy.
  • Known chronic systemic disease or pre-existing diabetes mellitus.
  • Missing clinical, laboratory, or ultrasonographic data.

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

Cohorten en interventies

Groep / Cohort
Pregnant Women During Lactation Period
Singleton pregnant women aged 18-50 years who conceived during the lactation period and were followed at participating obstetrics and gynecology clinics.

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Incidence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Tijdsspanne: 24-28 weeks of gestation
Occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosed by the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test performed between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation.
24-28 weeks of gestation

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Fetal Macrosomia
Tijdsspanne: From second trimester until delivery
Presence of fetal macrosomia assessed according to routine obstetric ultrasonographic evaluation and/or birth weight.
From second trimester until delivery

Andere uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Polyhydramnios
Tijdsspanne: From second trimester until delivery
Development of polyhydramnios determined by routine ultrasonographic assessment of amniotic fluid volume during pregnancy.
From second trimester until delivery

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascıoglu Education and Research Hospital Organization

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Werkelijk)

15 januari 2026

Primaire voltooiing (Geschat)

31 december 2027

Studie voltooiing (Geschat)

31 december 2027

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

29 mei 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

29 mei 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

3 juni 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

3 juni 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

29 mei 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 mei 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Trefwoorden

Aanvullende relevante MeSH-voorwaarden

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • LAC-GDM-2026-01

Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)

Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?

NEE

Beschrijving IPD-plan

Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared because the study involves patient-level clinical data collected from routine medical records. Data sharing is not included in the current study protocol or ethics committee application, and participant confidentiality and institutional data protection policies will be maintained.

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

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