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Effect of Caudal Block on Urethrocutaneous Fistula After Distal Hypospadias Repair
The Effect of Caudal Block on the İncidence of Urethrocutaneous Fistula After Distal Hypospadias Repair: A Multicentre, Randomized Controlled Trial
Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital urogenital anomalies in males, occurring in approximately 1 in every 200-300 male births. It is characterized by abnormal positioning of the urethral meatus on the ventral surface of the penis. Surgical repair is the standard treatment; however, urethrocutaneous fistula formation remains one of the most frequent and clinically significant postoperative complications, potentially requiring reoperation and causing considerable distress to both the patient and the family.
Caudal nerve block is a widely used regional anesthesia technique in pediatric lower abdominal and genitourinary surgery, valued for its high analgesic efficacy, relative ease of application, and low complication profile. However, emerging evidence suggests that caudal block may be associated with an increased incidence of postoperative complications following hypospadias repair, including fistula formation and wound edema. Notably, Kundra et al. (2012) reported a fistula rate of 19.2% in patients who received caudal block, compared to 0% in those who received penile block, raising important questions about the routine use of caudal block in hypospadias surgery.
This prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of caudal block on the incidence of urethrocutaneous fistula following distal hypospadias repair. A total of 80 male patients aged 6-60 months will be randomized 1:1 to either receive general anesthesia with caudal block or general anesthesia alone. The primary outcome is the incidence of urethrocutaneous fistula. Secondary outcomes include perioperative opioid consumption, postoperative pain scores, analgesic duration, and other surgical complications such as wound dehiscence and urethral stricture. Patients will be followed up for 3-6 months postoperatively. The study will be conducted across four centers in Turkey. Results are expected to provide evidence-based guidance on the role of caudal block in pediatric hypospadias repair.
Studie Overzicht
Toestand
Interventie / Behandeling
Gedetailleerde beschrijving
Studietype
Inschrijving (Geschat)
Fase
- Niet toepasbaar
Contacten en locaties
Studiecontact
- Naam: Fikret Salık, associate professor
- Telefoonnummer: +905076214125
- E-mail: fikretsalik@gmail.com
Studie Contact Back-up
- Naam: Fikret Salık
- Telefoonnummer: 05076214125
- E-mail: fikretsalik@gmail.com
Studie Locaties
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Eyalet/Yerleşke
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Diyarbakır, Eyalet/Yerleşke, Turkije (Türkiye), 21070
- Werving
- Dicle University
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Contact:
- Fikret Salık
- Telefoonnummer: 05076214125
- E-mail: fikretsalik@gmail.com
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Diyarbakır, Eyalet/Yerleşke, Turkije (Türkiye), 21070
- Werving
- Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital
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Contact:
- Mustafa Bıçak
- Telefoonnummer: 05320571437
- E-mail: drmustafabicak@gmail.com
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Deelname Criteria
Geschiktheidscriteria
Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie
- Kind
Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers
Beschrijving
Inclusion Criteria:
- Male patients aged 6-60 months
- Diagnosed with distal hypospadias
- Scheduled for elective hypospadias repair
- Written informed consent obtained from parent or legal guardian
Exclusion Criteria:
- Age < 6 months or > 60 months
- Proximal or non-distal hypospadias
- Previous hypospadias repair
- Skin lesions at the epidural/caudal injection site
- Coagulopathy
- Known allergy to anesthetic agents, particularly bupivacaine hydrochloride
- Spinal anomalies
- Chronic granulomatous disease
- Diabetes mellitus
- Patients receiving corticosteroid therapy
- Refusal of informed consent by parent or guardian
Studie plan
Hoe is de studie opgezet?
Ontwerpdetails
- Primair doel: Behandeling
- Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
- Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
- Masker: Dubbele
Wapens en interventies
Deelnemersgroep / Arm |
Interventie / Behandeling |
|---|---|
|
Experimenteel: Group 1) Caudal Block Group
General anesthesia combined with caudal block administered prior to distal hypospadias repair.
Caudal block is performed using bupivacaine hydrochloride as part of standard institutional analgesic protocol.
|
General anesthesia combined with caudal block administered prior to distal hypospadias repair.
Caudal block is performed using bupivacaine hydrochloride as part of standard institutional analgesic protocol.
|
|
Actieve vergelijker: Group 2) Non-Caudal Group
General anesthesia alone administered without caudal block for distal hypospadias repair.
Intravenous analgesic agents used as per standard institutional protocol.
|
General anesthesia alone administered without caudal block for distal hypospadias repair.
Intravenous analgesic agents used as per standard institutional protocol.
|
Wat meet het onderzoek?
Primaire uitkomstmaten
Uitkomstmaat |
Maatregel Beschrijving |
Tijdsspanne |
|---|---|---|
|
Incidence of Urethrocutaneous Fistula
Tijdsspanne: up to 3 months
|
Development of urethrocutaneous fistula following distal hypospadias repair, assessed by clinical examination
|
up to 3 months
|
Secundaire uitkomstmaten
Uitkomstmaat |
Maatregel Beschrijving |
Tijdsspanne |
|---|---|---|
|
Postoperative Pain Scores
Tijdsspanne: Up to 24 hours postoperatively
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Postoperative pain assessed using age-appropriate pain scales (e.g., Visual Analog Scale or FLACC scale, where higher scores indicate worse pain).
|
Up to 24 hours postoperatively
|
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Surgical Complications
Tijdsspanne: Up to 3 months
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Incidence of surgery-related complications
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Up to 3 months
|
|
Duration of Effective Analgesia
Tijdsspanne: Up to 24 hours postoperatively
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The time from the completion of the surgical/anesthetic procedure until the patient first requests or requires rescue analgesia.
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Up to 24 hours postoperatively
|
|
Total Consumption of Rescue Analgesics
Tijdsspanne: Up to 24 hours postoperatively
|
The total amount (mg) of rescue analgesic medications required by the patient during the postoperative period.
|
Up to 24 hours postoperatively
|
Medewerkers en onderzoekers
Studie record data
Bestudeer belangrijke data
Studie start (Werkelijk)
Primaire voltooiing (Geschat)
Studie voltooiing (Geschat)
Studieregistratiedata
Eerst ingediend
Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria
Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)
Updates van studierecords
Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)
Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria
Laatst geverifieerd
Meer informatie
Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie
Aanvullende relevante MeSH-voorwaarden
- Urogenitale ziekten
- Genitale ziekten
- Genitale ziekten, man
- Mannelijke urogenitale ziekten
- Vrouwelijke urogenitale ziekten
- Vrouwelijke urogenitale ziekten en zwangerschapscomplicaties
- Aangeboren afwijkingen
- Urogenitale afwijkingen
- Ziekten van de penis
- Aangeboren, erfelijke en neonatale ziekten en afwijkingen
- Hypospadie
- Anesthesie en analgesie
- Anesthesie
- Anesthesie, algemeen
Andere studie-ID-nummers
- 357/2025
Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)
Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?
Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten
Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel
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