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Learning Styles, Academic Achievement, Confidence, and Educational Environment in Sports Science Students

7 september 2026 bijgewerkt door: Görkem Açar, Istanbul Gelisim University

Relationship Between Learning Styles, Academic Achievement, Academic Confidence, and Educational Environment Perception Among Undergraduate Sports Science Students

This observational, cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationships between learning styles, academic achievement, academic confidence, and perceptions of the educational environment among undergraduate sports science students. The study also examined whether academic achievement, academic confidence, and perceptions of the educational environment differed according to students' learning style preferences.

Undergraduate students enrolled in sports science programs at multiple higher education institutions in Turkey participated in the study. Participants completed a one-time online survey including demographic and academic information, the Kolb Learning Style Inventory III, an academic confidence questionnaire, and the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM). Academic achievement was assessed using self-reported grade point average categories.

No intervention, treatment, laboratory procedure, biological sampling, or invasive assessment was performed. The collected data were analyzed to examine associations among learning styles, academic achievement, academic confidence, and perceptions of the educational environment. Statistical and machine-learning methods were also used to explore predictors of academic achievement.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Voltooid

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Studietype

Observationeel

Inschrijving (Werkelijk)

265

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studie Locaties

  • Turkije (Türkiye)
    • Istanbul
      • Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkije (Türkiye), 34310
        • Istanbul Gelisim University

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

  • Volwassen
  • Oudere volwassene

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Ja

Bemonsteringsmethode

Niet-waarschijnlijkheidssteekproef

Studie Bevolking

The study population consisted of undergraduate students enrolled in sports science programs at multiple higher education institutions in Türkiye. Eligible participants were aged 18 years or older and voluntarily completed a one-time online survey. Students from different academic years and sports science departments were included. Participants were recruited using convenience sampling.

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Aged 18 years or older.
  • Currently enrolled as an undergraduate student in a sports science-related program.
  • Able to read and understand Turkish.
  • Willing to participate voluntarily and provide electronic informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Failure to provide electronic informed consent.
  • Incomplete or internally inconsistent questionnaire responses.
  • Duplicate survey submissions.
  • Missing or invalid information regarding the participant's institution.

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

Cohorten en interventies

Groep / Cohort
Interventie / Behandeling
Undergraduate Sports Science Students
Undergraduate sports science students aged 18 years or older who voluntarily participated in the cross-sectional study. Participants completed an online survey assessing demographic and academic characteristics, learning styles, academic confidence, and perceptions of the educational environment. All participants were evaluated at a single time point, and no intervention or longitudinal follow-up was performed.
Ander: Questionnaire-Based Assessment
Participants completed a one-time online questionnaire-based assessment including demographic and academic information, the Kolb Learning Style Inventory III, an academic confidence questionnaire, and the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM). Academic achievement was assessed using self-reported grade point average categories. These instruments were used solely for observational assessment purposes. No therapeutic, behavioral, pharmacological, device-based, or invasive intervention was administered, and participants were not assigned to any intervention.

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Academic Achievement
Tijdsspanne: Day 1
Academic achievement was assessed using participants' self-reported grade point average (GPA). GPA was recorded as an ordinal variable using five categories: 0.00-1.99, 2.00-2.49, 2.50-2.99, 3.00-3.49, and 3.50-4.00. Higher GPA categories indicate higher academic achievement.
Day 1

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Learning Style Assessed Using the Kolb Learning Style Inventory III
Tijdsspanne: Day 1
Learning style was assessed using the Kolb Learning Style Inventory III. The inventory consists of 12 items in which participants rank four response options. Scores are obtained for four learning modes: Concrete Experience (CE), Reflective Observation (RO), Abstract Conceptualization (AC), and Active Experimentation (AE). Based on the inventory scoring procedure, participants were classified into one of four learning styles: Diverging, Assimilating, Converging, or Accommodating.
Day 1
Academic Confidence Assessed Using a 12-Item Academic Confidence Questionnaire
Tijdsspanne: Day 1
Academic confidence was assessed using a 12-item self-report questionnaire. Each item was rated on a 7-point response scale. Items 5, 7, 8, 10, and 11 were reverse-scored. Item responses were used to derive an academic confidence score, with higher scores indicating greater academic confidence.
Day 1
Perception of the Educational Environment Assessed Using the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM)
Tijdsspanne: Day 1
Perception of the educational environment was assessed using the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM). The instrument consists of 50 items rated from 0 to 4 and provides a total score ranging from 0 to 200. Higher total scores indicate a more positive perception of the educational environment.
Day 1

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Istanbul Gelisim University

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Werkelijk)

30 juli 2026

Primaire voltooiing (Werkelijk)

13 augustus 2026

Studie voltooiing (Werkelijk)

13 augustus 2026

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

3 september 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

7 september 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

11 september 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

11 september 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

7 september 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 september 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • LS-SSE-2026-01

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

Deze informatie is zonder wijzigingen rechtstreeks van de website clinicaltrials.gov gehaald. Als u verzoeken heeft om uw onderzoeksgegevens te wijzigen, te verwijderen of bij te werken, neem dan contact op met register@clinicaltrials.gov. Zodra er een wijziging wordt doorgevoerd op clinicaltrials.gov, wordt deze ook automatisch bijgewerkt op onze website .

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