Retinal Neurodegenerative Signs in Alzheimer's Diseases (SIGNAL)

Inclusion Criteria:

• Inclusion criteria for AD cases:
• Diagnosis of probable AD, defined according to the NINCDS-ARDRA criteria51
• Light to moderate severity of the disease, defined by a MMSE score >10 (global evaluation of cognition)
• Patient aged 50 years or more
• Patient benefiting from social insurance

Inclusion criteria for controls:

• Absence of suspicion of dementia, based on normal performance according to age and educational level at neuropsychological testing defined as:
• Free recall ≥17 and total recall ≥40 for the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (Grober and Buschke test 52) MMSE ≥ norm for age and educational level (defined by mean - 1 SD)
• Isaac's set test ≥ norm for age and educational level (defined by mean - 1 SD)
• Matched to age and gender of the cases
• Patient benefiting from social insurance

Exclusion Criteria:

Exclusion criteria for all patients :

• History of Parkinson's disease or other neurodegenerative disorder
• History of Horton's disease
• History of inflammatory neuropathies (in particular Devic's disease, multiple sclerosis)
• History of vascular ischemic neuropathies and chronic intracranial hypertension
• History of pituitary tumors
• Presence of diseases (systemic and/or ocular diseases) or behavioural or cognitive symptoms incompatible with eye examination
• Known diabetes
• Person under tutorship or curatorship, person unable to express consent

Additional exclusion criteria for AD cases:

• Dementia of other cause than AD
• Severe AD, defined by MMSE score ≤ 10

Additional exclusion criteria for controls:

• Presence of dementia, of whatever cause