Evaluation of Methods for Diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus Pneumonia in Mechanically Ventilated Patient

Viral infections are only recently been investigated in patients on mechanical ventilation (MV) in ICU. It is especially the progress in the direct detection of these pathogens that allowed intensivists to try to assess objectively the impact of viruses in their patients. This is of course of viral infections "Community" (influenza virus, rhinovirus ...), but some viruses also occur under mechanical ventilation in immunocompetent adults. This is called viral infection "nosocomial" whose Herpesviridae are the most frequent and best studied. This replication Herpesviridae in ICU patients is usually a reactivation as primary infection. This reactivation is explained by the fact that after a few days of mechanical ventilation appears immunoparalysis, which can make the bed of bacterial or viral infection.Several studies have compared the pp65 antigenemia for quantitative PCR in immmunodéprimés patients. For example, in transplant patients (solid organs), the sensitivity of antigenemia was 91%, Quantitative PCR of 95.6% while the specificity was 57% and 81.6% respectively. No work, however, has to date compared these techniques in the intensive care patient. In a subject shortly epidemiological study, the sensitivity of the quantitative PCR performed on the LBA is 80%, when compared to antigenemia. Moreover this same study shows that half of the positive PCR on the BAL are not accompanied by a positive antigenemia, suggesting that PCR may be more sensitive than antigenemia. This exam has never been validated to date in intensive care. Finally, no work has so far evaluated the diagnostic performance of quantitative PCR performed on BAL