Labral Repair vs Reconstruction

Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) is an increasingly common cause hip pain. It is known to cause labral pathology and if left untreated, can also contribute to the development of hip osteoarthritis. While non-operative treatment has been shown to be effective and can improve patients' quality of life, surgical treatment has often been shown to yield superior outcomes, while also potentially decreasing the future risk of osteoarthritis.

Mid- to long-term outcomes have shown durable results following hip arthroscopy with significant improvements in patient reported outcome measures (PROMs). Consequently, hip arthroscopy utilization has continued to increase. Several retrospective cohort studies have attempted to identify prognostic variables associated with procedural outcomes. In terms of patient selection, age has historically been identified as a negative prognostic variable, with inferior clinical outcomes observed in patients over the age of 40. However, more recent studies have disputed this finding, suggesting that earlier studies reporting this included patients with concomitant hip osteoarthritis, which was more to blame than their chronological age. Recent case series have reported significant improvements in PROMs in patients over the age of 40 who have minimal concomitant OA (Tönnis 0 or 1), with durable results out to 5 years14-16.

Despite these encouraging results, newer concerns have been raised when it comes to labral treatment in this demographic. It has been suggested that in patients over 40 years of age, the labrum may be too traumatized to allow repair or that it may have diminished healing capacity from repetitive impingement or age-related degeneration. As such, there have been proponents of performing a primary labral reconstruction in this patient population, with better associated outcomes. Others have reported equivocal outcomes between repair and reconstruction for this group. As such, there is no consensus on the best treatment strategy to manage these patients.

The results of this pilot study will allow the investigators to determine whether a full-scale study will be feasible. The investigators will not move forward with the full study: 1) if the proportion of eligible patients providing consent is <80%; 2) If the 95% confidence intervals around the difference between groups does not include even the possibility of a small, but important effect (0.2 SD); 3) if the proportion of patients completing their one-year follow-up is <85%, then the study is not feasible.

Ultimately, for the full-scale study, the investigators hypothesize that patients treated with labral reconstruction will have significantly better outcome scores compared with patients who underwent a traditional labral repair. If the hypothesized findings are true in the full study, this will change clinical practice patterns by providing objective evidence to guide treatment of labral pathology in patients over the age of 40 undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAIS.