Interferon-α Maintenance in Favorable-Risk AML

Eligible patients with favorable-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first complete remission (CR1) after consolidation chemotherapy will receive peginterferon alfa-2b injection at a dose of 135 μg once weekly by subcutaneous injection for 6 months. Participants will be monitored for disease relapse, measurable residual disease (MRD), survival, and treatment-related adverse events, with follow-up for 2 years after enrollment.

Pegylated interferon alfa-2b injection, administered at a dose of 135 μg once weekly by subcutaneous injection for 6 months as maintenance therapy in patients with favorable-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first complete remission (CR1) after consolidation chemotherapy.

The proportion of patients who experience disease relapse within 2 years after enrollment. Relapse is defined as bone marrow blasts ≥5%, detection of leukemic cells in peripheral blood, or extramedullary leukemia.

Event-free survival is defined as the time from enrollment to the first occurrence of molecular progression, hematologic relapse, or death from any cause.

Overall survival is defined as the time from enrollment to death from any cause. Participants who are alive at the last follow-up will be censored.

The proportion of patients with measurable residual disease (MRD)-positive status at enrollment who achieve MRD-negative status during follow-up, assessed by multiparameter flow cytometry and/or quantitative PCR.

The number of participants experiencing grade 3 or higher adverse events during peginterferon alfa-2b maintenance therapy, including hematologic and hepatic toxicities. Adverse events will be graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0.