Additive vs Subtractive Manufacturing for Endocrown Fabrication: A 24-Month RCT (ENDO-3D)
2026年6月4日 更新者：Dina Ezz、Cairo University
Additive Versus Subtractive Manufacturing for Endocrown Fabrication: A Clinical Comparison of 3D-Printed Ceramic-Filled Photopolymer Resin and CAD/CAM Milled Resin Nano-Ceramics Endocrowns in Posterior Teeth - A 24-Month Randomized Controlled Trial
This randomized controlled trial (RCT) compares the 24-month clinical performance of endocrown restorations fabricated by two digital manufacturing pathways: additive manufacturing using 3D-printed ceramic-filled photopolymer resin (VarseoSmile TriniQ, BEGO) versus subtractive computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) milling from hybrid nano-ceramic blocks (HC Hard Block, Shofu).
Sixty endocrowns will be placed in endodontically treated posterior molars and evaluated using modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria at 6, 12, and 24 months.
The trial is conducted at the Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University.
研究概览
地位
尚未招聘
详细说明
Post-endodontic rehabilitation of extensively damaged posterior molars using endocrowns represents a minimally invasive alternative to conventional crown-plus-post-and-core approaches.
Digital fabrication has advanced both the precision and reproducibility of endocrown manufacture.
While computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) milled hybrid ceramic endocrowns are well-validated clinically, prospective clinical data comparing 3D-printed definitive restorations to milled counterparts are absent.
This trial employs a parallel-group, 1:1 randomized design with triple blinding of participants, outcome assessors, and statistician.
All restorations are delivered using Beautilink SA self-adhesive dual-cure resin cement.
The primary outcome is fracture resistance at 24 months; secondary outcomes include retention, marginal adaptation, marginal discoloration, surface texture, anatomic form, color match, secondary caries, fabrication time, and patient satisfaction assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).
研究类型
介入性
注册 (估计的)
60
阶段
- 不适用
联系人和位置
本节提供了进行研究的人员的详细联系信息，以及有关进行该研究的地点的信息。
学习联系方式
- 姓名：Dina Ez Mohamed, BDS MSc PhD
- 电话号码：01008007157
- 邮箱：dina.ezz@dentistry.cu.edu.eg
研究联系人备份
- 姓名：Rawda H Abdelaziz, BDS MSc PhD
- 邮箱：rawda.hesham@dentistry.cu.edu.eg
参与标准
研究人员寻找符合特定描述的人，称为资格标准。这些标准的一些例子是一个人的一般健康状况或先前的治疗。
资格标准
适合学习的年龄
- 成人
接受健康志愿者
不
描述
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age 25-45 years, male or female
- Endodontically treated molar tooth with radiographically confirmed treatment success and no clinical signs of failure
- Sufficient remaining coronal structure for endocrown preparation: minimum three walls, wall thickness 1.5 mm or greater, pulp chamber depth 3 mm or greater, supragingival preparation margins
- Completely erupted tooth with intact periodontal support
- Minimum of 20 occluding teeth
- Satisfactory oral hygiene status
- Capable of providing written informed consent and committed to scheduled follow-up visits
Exclusion Criteria:
- Diagnosed parafunctional habit or nocturnal bruxism
- Uncontrolled systemic illness or physical disability precluding safe participation
- Heavy tobacco use
- Current or suspected pregnancy
- Periapical disease or radiographic signs of endodontic failure
- Evidence of pathological tooth wear or occlusal erosion
- Moderate-to-severe periodontitis or tooth with hopeless prognosis
- Radiographic or clinical evidence of vertical root fracture
- Impaired decision-making capacity or anticipated non-compliance
学习计划
本节提供研究计划的详细信息，包括研究的设计方式和研究的衡量标准。
研究是如何设计的？
设计细节
- 主要用途：治疗
- 分配：随机化
- 介入模型：并行分配
- 屏蔽：双倍的
武器和干预
参与者组/臂 |
干预/治疗 |
|---|---|
|
有源比较器：CAD/CAM Milled Endocrown
Endocrown restoration fabricated by subtractive CAD/CAM milling from HC Hard Block hybrid nano-ceramic (Shofu Inc., Japan), designed using ExoCAD software and milled on a five-axis wet-milling unit.
Adhesively cemented using Beautilink SA self-adhesive dual-cure resin cement (Shofu Inc., Japan).
|
Endocrown restoration milled from HC Hard Block hybrid nano-ceramic (Shofu Inc., Japan) using a five-axis wet-milling CAD/CAM unit.
Restoration designed with ExoCAD software, finished and glazed per manufacturer protocol, and cemented with Beautilink SA self-adhesive dual-cure resin cement (Shofu Inc., Japan).
其他名称：
|
|
实验性的：3D-Printed Endocrown
Endocrown restoration fabricated by additive manufacturing using VarseoSmile TriniQ ceramic-filled photopolymer resin (BEGO GmbH & Co. KG, Germany), printed on a 4K LCD printer at 30-45 degree build angle, post-cured under nitrogen atmosphere.
Adhesively cemented using Beautilink SA self-adhesive dual-cure resin cement (Shofu Inc., Japan).
|
Endocrown restoration 3D-printed using VarseoSmile TriniQ ceramic-filled photopolymer resin (BEGO GmbH & Co. KG, Germany) on a 4K LCD printer at 30-45 degree build angle.
Post-cured under nitrogen atmosphere, surface glazed, and cemented with Beautilink SA self-adhesive dual-cure resin cement (Shofu Inc., Japan).
其他名称：
|
研究衡量的是什么？
主要结果指标
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
|---|---|---|
|
Restoration Fracture Resistance
大体时间：24 months
|
Assessed using modified USPHS criteria: Alpha = absence of fracture; Bravo = minor chip amenable to repair; Charlie = catastrophic fracture, unrestorable
|
24 months
|
次要结果测量
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
|---|---|---|
|
Retention
大体时间：6, 12, and 24 months
|
Modified USPHS: Alpha = in situ; Bravo = partial displacement; Charlie = complete loss
|
6, 12, and 24 months
|
|
Marginal Discoloration
大体时间：6, 12, and 24 months
|
Modified USPHS: Alpha = absent; Bravo = superficial; Charlie = penetrating
|
6, 12, and 24 months
|
|
Surface Texture
大体时间：6, 12, and 24 months
|
Modified USPHS: Alpha = smooth; Bravo = minor irregularities; Charlie = extensive breakdown
|
6, 12, and 24 months
|
|
Anatomic Form
大体时间：6, 12, and 24 months
|
Modified USPHS: Alpha = conforms to natural contour; Bravo = discrepancy present, dentin intact; Charlie = dentin or base exposed
|
6, 12, and 24 months
|
|
Color Match
大体时间：6, 12, and 24 months
|
Modified USPHS: Alpha = indistinguishable from adjacent tooth; Bravo = minor deviation, clinically acceptable; Charlie = obvious mismatch; Delta = gross color failure
|
6, 12, and 24 months
|
|
Secondary Caries
大体时间：6, 12, and 24 months
|
Modified USPHS: Alpha = absent; Charlie = present
|
6, 12, and 24 months
|
|
Fabrication Time
大体时间：Periprocedural
|
Time in minutes from CAD design completion to restoration readiness for cementation
|
Periprocedural
|
|
Patient Satisfaction
大体时间：6, 12, and 24 months
|
Visual Analogue Scale 0-100 mm; 0 = entirely dissatisfied, 100 = entirely satisfied
|
6, 12, and 24 months
|
合作者和调查者
在这里您可以找到参与这项研究的人员和组织。
出版物和有用的链接
负责输入研究信息的人员自愿提供这些出版物。这些可能与研究有关。
一般刊物
- Abou-Steit S, Ibrahim SH, Salem M. Three years clinical evaluation of lithium disilicate and hybrid nano-ceramic CAD/CAM endocrowns (randomized clinical trial). Egyptian Dental Journal 2024;70:551-561.
研究记录日期
这些日期跟踪向 ClinicalTrials.gov 提交研究记录和摘要结果的进度。研究记录和报告的结果由国家医学图书馆 (NLM) 审查，以确保它们在发布到公共网站之前符合特定的质量控制标准。
研究主要日期
学习开始 (估计的)
2026年6月1日
初级完成 (估计的)
2028年6月1日
研究完成 (估计的)
2028年9月1日
研究注册日期
首次提交
2026年5月30日
首先提交符合 QC 标准的
2026年6月4日
首次发布 (实际的)
2026年6月8日
研究记录更新
最后更新发布 (实际的)
2026年6月8日
上次提交的符合 QC 标准的更新
2026年6月4日
最后验证
2026年6月1日
更多信息
此信息直接从 clinicaltrials.gov 网站检索，没有任何更改。如果您有任何更改、删除或更新研究详细信息的请求，请联系 register@clinicaltrials.gov. clinicaltrials.gov 上实施更改，我们的网站上也会自动更新.