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Effects of Park Golf on Working Memory and Prefrontal Cortex Activation in Older Adults

2026年9月11日 更新者：Gwangju Health University

Does Park Golf Affect Working Memory?: An fNIRS-Based Randomized Controlled Trial in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

This study investigates whether a park golf program can improve working memory and prefrontal cortex activity in community-dwelling older adults. A total of 36 older adults (aged 65-85) were randomly assigned to either a park golf group or a health education group. The park golf group participated in a supervised park golf program (2 sessions per week for 4 weeks, 60 minutes per session), while the health education group attended lectures on healthy aging topics such as nutrition and fall prevention on the same schedule. Before and after the intervention, participants completed cognitive and physical assessments, including the Korean Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K), the Timed Up and Go test, and a spatial working memory task (N-back) performed while brain activity in the prefrontal cortex was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a non-invasive, radiation-free imaging method. The findings may help establish evidence for community-based physical activity programs, such as park golf, as a strategy to support cognitive health in older adults.

研究概览

地位

主动，不招人

条件

干预/治疗

研究类型

介入性

注册 (估计的)

36

阶段

  • 不适用

联系人和位置

本节提供了进行研究的人员的详细联系信息，以及有关进行该研究的地点的信息。

学习地点

  • 韩国
    • Gwangju
      • Gwangju、Gwangju、韩国、61161
        • Gwangju Health University, Buk-gu Campus, Smart Care Village

参与标准

研究人员寻找符合特定描述的人，称为资格标准。这些标准的一些例子是一个人的一般健康状况或先前的治疗。

资格标准

适合学习的年龄

  • 年长者

接受健康志愿者

是的

描述

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Community-dwelling older adults aged 65 to 85 years, living independently (excluding those residing in nursing facilities or hospitalized)
  • Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K) score of 23 or higher (normal cognitive function range)
  • Able to walk independently and possess the basic functional capacity required to participate in park golf
  • No experience with park golf, or no regular participation in park golf within the past 6 months
  • Voluntary written informed consent to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

  • History of severe neurological disease (e.g., Parkinson's disease, stroke, dementia) or psychiatric disease (e.g., major depressive disorder, schizophrenia)
  • Scalp disease, skull abnormality, or history of craniotomy that could affect fNIRS measurement
  • Currently taking medications affecting cognitive function (e.g., anticholinergics, antipsychotics)
  • Regular participation in high-intensity exercise programs 3 or more times per week
  • Physician-prescribed restriction on physical activity
  • Severe visual or auditory impairment that would make assessment difficult, even with correction
  • Left-handedness (excluded to control for hemispheric dominance in fNIRS measurement)

学习计划

本节提供研究计划的详细信息，包括研究的设计方式和研究的衡量标准。

研究是如何设计的？

设计细节

  • 主要用途：预防
  • 分配：随机化
  • 介入模型：并行分配
  • 屏蔽：单身的

武器和干预

参与者组/臂
干预/治疗
实验性的：Park Golf Group (PGG)
Participants attended supervised park golf sessions twice weekly for 4 weeks (8 sessions total, 60 minutes per session), including warm-up (10 min), park golf skills training and practice (40 min), and cool-down (10 min), held at a community park.
行为的：Park Golf Program
A structured, supervised park golf program consisting of 8 sessions over 4 weeks (2 sessions/week, 60 minutes/session). Each session included a 10-minute warm-up, 40 minutes of park golf technique instruction and practice, and a 10-minute cool-down, conducted at an outdoor community park under the supervision of trained instructors.
有源比较器：Health Education Group (HEG)
Participants attended health education lectures on senior health management, nutrition, fall prevention, and chronic disease management, twice weekly for 4 weeks (8 sessions total, 60 minutes per session).
行为的：Health Education Program
A structured health education program consisting of 8 sessions over 4 weeks (2 sessions per week, 60 minutes per session), covering topics such as senior health management, nutrition, fall prevention, and chronic disease management, conducted at a community facility.

研究衡量的是什么？

主要结果指标

结果测量
措施说明
大体时间
Change in Prefrontal Cortex Activation (Beta-value of HbO Concentration)
大体时间：Change from baseline to 4 weeks (post-intervention)
Change in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) concentration in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), measured as a beta-value derived from general linear model (GLM) analysis during the spatial N-back task, using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).
Change from baseline to 4 weeks (post-intervention)

次要结果测量

结果测量
措施说明
大体时间
Working Memory Performance (Spatial N-back Task)
大体时间：Change from baseline to 4 weeks (post-intervention)
Reaction time and accuracy on the 2-back condition of a spatial N-back task, assessing spatial working memory. Task administered using E-Prime 3.0 software with 1-back and 2-back conditions presented in alternating blocks.
Change from baseline to 4 weeks (post-intervention)
Dynamic Balance (Timed Up and Go Test)
大体时间：Change from baseline to 4 weeks (post-intervention)
Time (in seconds) taken to rise from a chair, walk 3 meters, turn around, and return to sitting, assessing dynamic balance and functional mobility.
Change from baseline to 4 weeks (post-intervention)
Cognitive-Motor Dual-Task Performance (TUG with Naming Animals)
大体时间：Change from baseline to 4 weeks (post-intervention)
Performance on the TUG test while simultaneously naming as many animals as possible, assessing integrated cognitive-motor function. Measures include dual-task time, dual-task cost, number of animals named, and animals named per 10 seconds.
Change from baseline to 4 weeks (post-intervention)
Global Cognitive Function (Korean Montreal Cognitive Assessment)
大体时间：Change from baseline to 4 weeks (post-intervention)
Overall cognitive function assessed using MoCA-K, covering visuospatial/executive function, naming, attention, language, abstraction, delayed recall, and orientation. Total score range 0-30.
Change from baseline to 4 weeks (post-intervention)

合作者和调查者

在这里您可以找到参与这项研究的人员和组织。

赞助

Gwangju Health University

调查人员

  • 首席研究员：Eun-Sang Lee, PhD、Gwangju Health University

研究记录日期

这些日期跟踪向 ClinicalTrials.gov 提交研究记录和摘要结果的进度。研究记录和报告的结果由国家医学图书馆 (NLM) 审查，以确保它们在发布到公共网站之前符合特定的质量控制标准。

研究主要日期

学习开始 (实际的)

2026年9月10日

初级完成 (估计的)

2026年10月15日

研究完成 (估计的)

2026年10月15日

研究注册日期

首次提交

2026年9月2日

首先提交符合 QC 标准的

2026年9月2日

首次发布 (实际的)

2026年9月8日

研究记录更新

最后更新发布 (实际的)

2026年9月14日

上次提交的符合 QC 标准的更新

2026年9月11日

最后验证

2026年9月1日

更多信息

与本研究相关的术语

关键字

其他研究编号

  • P01-202607-01-010

计划个人参与者数据 (IPD)

计划共享个人参与者数据 (IPD)？

不

IPD 计划说明

Data will not be shared beyond this study, in accordance with the informed consent obtained from participants, which specified that collected data would be used solely for this study without secondary use or third-party disclosure.

药物和器械信息、研究文件

研究美国 FDA 监管的药品

不

研究美国 FDA 监管的设备产品

不

此信息直接从 clinicaltrials.gov 网站检索，没有任何更改。如果您有任何更改、删除或更新研究详细信息的请求，请联系 register@clinicaltrials.gov. clinicaltrials.gov 上实施更改，我们的网站上也会自动更新.

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