Effects of Park Golf on Working Memory and Prefrontal Cortex Activation in Older Adults
11 septembre 2026 mis à jour par: Gwangju Health University
Does Park Golf Affect Working Memory?: An fNIRS-Based Randomized Controlled Trial in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
This study investigates whether a park golf program can improve working memory and prefrontal cortex activity in community-dwelling older adults.
A total of 36 older adults (aged 65-85) were randomly assigned to either a park golf group or a health education group.
The park golf group participated in a supervised park golf program (2 sessions per week for 4 weeks, 60 minutes per session), while the health education group attended lectures on healthy aging topics such as nutrition and fall prevention on the same schedule.
Before and after the intervention, participants completed cognitive and physical assessments, including the Korean Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K), the Timed Up and Go test, and a spatial working memory task (N-back) performed while brain activity in the prefrontal cortex was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a non-invasive, radiation-free imaging method.
The findings may help establish evidence for community-based physical activity programs, such as park golf, as a strategy to support cognitive health in older adults.
Aperçu de l'étude
Statut
Actif, ne recrute pas
Les conditions
Intervention / Traitement
Type d'étude
Interventionnel
Inscription (Estimé)
36
Phase
- N'est pas applicable
Contacts et emplacements
Cette section fournit les coordonnées de ceux qui mènent l'étude et des informations sur le lieu où cette étude est menée.
Lieux d'étude
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Gwangju
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Gwangju, Gwangju, Corée du Sud, 61161
- Gwangju Health University, Buk-gu Campus, Smart Care Village
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Critères de participation
Les chercheurs recherchent des personnes qui correspondent à une certaine description, appelée critères d'éligibilité. Certains exemples de ces critères sont l'état de santé général d'une personne ou des traitements antérieurs.
Critère d'éligibilité
Âges éligibles pour étudier
- Adulte plus âgé
Accepte les volontaires sains
Oui
La description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Community-dwelling older adults aged 65 to 85 years, living independently (excluding those residing in nursing facilities or hospitalized)
- Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K) score of 23 or higher (normal cognitive function range)
- Able to walk independently and possess the basic functional capacity required to participate in park golf
- No experience with park golf, or no regular participation in park golf within the past 6 months
- Voluntary written informed consent to participate in the study
Exclusion Criteria:
- History of severe neurological disease (e.g., Parkinson's disease, stroke, dementia) or psychiatric disease (e.g., major depressive disorder, schizophrenia)
- Scalp disease, skull abnormality, or history of craniotomy that could affect fNIRS measurement
- Currently taking medications affecting cognitive function (e.g., anticholinergics, antipsychotics)
- Regular participation in high-intensity exercise programs 3 or more times per week
- Physician-prescribed restriction on physical activity
- Severe visual or auditory impairment that would make assessment difficult, even with correction
- Left-handedness (excluded to control for hemispheric dominance in fNIRS measurement)
Plan d'étude
Cette section fournit des détails sur le plan d'étude, y compris la façon dont l'étude est conçue et ce que l'étude mesure.
Comment l'étude est-elle conçue ?
Détails de conception
- Objectif principal: La prévention
- Répartition: Randomisé
- Modèle interventionnel: Affectation parallèle
- Masquage: Seul
Armes et Interventions
Groupe de participants / Bras |
Intervention / Traitement |
|---|---|
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Expérimental: Park Golf Group (PGG)
Participants attended supervised park golf sessions twice weekly for 4 weeks (8 sessions total, 60 minutes per session), including warm-up (10 min), park golf skills training and practice (40 min), and cool-down (10 min), held at a community park.
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A structured, supervised park golf program consisting of 8 sessions over 4 weeks (2 sessions/week, 60 minutes/session).
Each session included a 10-minute warm-up, 40 minutes of park golf technique instruction and practice, and a 10-minute cool-down, conducted at an outdoor community park under the supervision of trained instructors.
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Comparateur actif: Health Education Group (HEG)
Participants attended health education lectures on senior health management, nutrition, fall prevention, and chronic disease management, twice weekly for 4 weeks (8 sessions total, 60 minutes per session).
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A structured health education program consisting of 8 sessions over 4 weeks (2 sessions per week, 60 minutes per session), covering topics such as senior health management, nutrition, fall prevention, and chronic disease management, conducted at a community facility.
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Que mesure l'étude ?
Principaux critères de jugement
Mesure des résultats |
Description de la mesure |
Délai |
|---|---|---|
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Change in Prefrontal Cortex Activation (Beta-value of HbO Concentration)
Délai: Change from baseline to 4 weeks (post-intervention)
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Change in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) concentration in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), measured as a beta-value derived from general linear model (GLM) analysis during the spatial N-back task, using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).
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Change from baseline to 4 weeks (post-intervention)
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Mesures de résultats secondaires
Mesure des résultats |
Description de la mesure |
Délai |
|---|---|---|
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Working Memory Performance (Spatial N-back Task)
Délai: Change from baseline to 4 weeks (post-intervention)
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Reaction time and accuracy on the 2-back condition of a spatial N-back task, assessing spatial working memory.
Task administered using E-Prime 3.0 software with 1-back and 2-back conditions presented in alternating blocks.
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Change from baseline to 4 weeks (post-intervention)
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Dynamic Balance (Timed Up and Go Test)
Délai: Change from baseline to 4 weeks (post-intervention)
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Time (in seconds) taken to rise from a chair, walk 3 meters, turn around, and return to sitting, assessing dynamic balance and functional mobility.
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Change from baseline to 4 weeks (post-intervention)
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Cognitive-Motor Dual-Task Performance (TUG with Naming Animals)
Délai: Change from baseline to 4 weeks (post-intervention)
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Performance on the TUG test while simultaneously naming as many animals as possible, assessing integrated cognitive-motor function.
Measures include dual-task time, dual-task cost, number of animals named, and animals named per 10 seconds.
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Change from baseline to 4 weeks (post-intervention)
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Global Cognitive Function (Korean Montreal Cognitive Assessment)
Délai: Change from baseline to 4 weeks (post-intervention)
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Overall cognitive function assessed using MoCA-K, covering visuospatial/executive function, naming, attention, language, abstraction, delayed recall, and orientation.
Total score range 0-30.
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Change from baseline to 4 weeks (post-intervention)
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Collaborateurs et enquêteurs
C'est ici que vous trouverez les personnes et les organisations impliquées dans cette étude.
Parrainer
Les enquêteurs
- Chercheur principal: Eun-Sang Lee, PhD, Gwangju Health University
Dates d'enregistrement des études
Ces dates suivent la progression des dossiers d'étude et des soumissions de résultats sommaires à ClinicalTrials.gov. Les dossiers d'étude et les résultats rapportés sont examinés par la Bibliothèque nationale de médecine (NLM) pour s'assurer qu'ils répondent à des normes de contrôle de qualité spécifiques avant d'être publiés sur le site Web public.
Dates principales de l'étude
Début de l'étude (Réel)
10 septembre 2026
Achèvement primaire (Estimé)
15 octobre 2026
Achèvement de l'étude (Estimé)
15 octobre 2026
Dates d'inscription aux études
Première soumission
2 septembre 2026
Première soumission répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité
2 septembre 2026
Première publication (Réel)
8 septembre 2026
Mises à jour des dossiers d'étude
Dernière mise à jour publiée (Réel)
14 septembre 2026
Dernière mise à jour soumise répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité
11 septembre 2026
Dernière vérification
1 septembre 2026
Plus d'information
Termes liés à cette étude
Mots clés
Autres numéros d'identification d'étude
- P01-202607-01-010
Plan pour les données individuelles des participants (IPD)
Prévoyez-vous de partager les données individuelles des participants (DPI) ?
NON
Description du régime IPD
Data will not be shared beyond this study, in accordance with the informed consent obtained from participants, which specified that collected data would be used solely for this study without secondary use or third-party disclosure.
Informations sur les médicaments et les dispositifs, documents d'étude
Étudie un produit pharmaceutique réglementé par la FDA américaine
Non
Étudie un produit d'appareil réglementé par la FDA américaine
Non
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