Music Use for Mood Regulation: Self-Awareness and Conscious Listening Choices in Young People With Tendencies to Depression

Joanna Stewart, Sandra Garrido, Cherry Hense, Katrina McFerran, Joanna Stewart, Sandra Garrido, Cherry Hense, Katrina McFerran

Abstract

The current study explored the circumstances in which seven young people with a tendency to depression chose different styles of music to listen to, and their level of awareness of the impact of their music listening habits on mood and wellbeing. A model of various pathways through music use was developed that may explain why music listening intentions in young people do not always align with their wellbeing outcomes. We suggest that the relationship between intentions and outcomes are mediated by differing levels of self-awareness and insight into the mood regulation processes occurring during music listening.

Keywords: depression; mood regulation; music; self-awareness; young people.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Phases of awareness and their influence on music listening strategies.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Model of the pathways young people with depression take in using music to deal with negative affective states.

References

    1. Barrett L. F., Gross J., Christensen T. C., Benvenuto M. (2001). Knowing what you’re feeling and knowing what to do about it: mapping the relation between emotion differentiation and emotion regulation. Cogn. Emot. 15 713–724.
    1. Bianco N. J., Otto A. R., Maddox T. W., Beevers C., Love B. (2013). The influence of depression symptoms on exploratory decision-making. Cognition 129 563–568. 10.1016/j.cognition.2013.08.018
    1. Biasutti M. (2013). Ochestra rehearsal strategies: conductor and performer views. Music. Sci. 17 57–71.
    1. Biasutti M. (2018). Strategies adopted during collaborative online music composition. Int. J. Music Educ. 36 473–490.
    1. Bibb J., Skwews McFerran K. (2018). Musical recovery: the role of group singing in regaining healthy relationships with music to promote mental health recovery. Nord. J. Music Ther. 27 235–251. 10.1080/08098131.2018.1432676
    1. Blakemore S.-J., Frith C. (2003). Self-awareness and action. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 13 219–224.
    1. Brown B. D., Bobkowski P. S. (2011). Older and newer media: patterns of use and effects on adolescents health and well-being. J. Res. Adolesc. 21 95–113.
    1. Charmaz K. (2006). Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide Through Qualitative Analysis. London: SAGE.
    1. Charmaz K., Bryand A. (2007). “Grounded theory and credibility,” in Handbook of Qualitative Psychology, eds Willig C., Stainton-Rogers W. (London: SAGE; ), 291–306.
    1. Cheong-Clinch C. (2013). Musical Diaries : An Investigation of Preferred Music Listening by Young People with Mental Illness in Various Contexts and Conditions. Melbourne, AU: The University of Melbourne.
    1. Cheong-Clinch C., McFerran K. (2016). Musical diaries: examining the preferred music listening of australian young people with mental illness. J. Appl. Youth Stud. 1 77–94.
    1. Chun Tie T., Birks M., Francis K. (2019). Grounded theory research: a design framework for novice researchers. SAGE Open Med. 7:2050312118822927. 10.1177/2050312118822927
    1. Cicchelli V., Octobre S. (2017). Youth culture in the age of globalisation: an approach via cultural and aesthetic cosmopolitanism. Culture Etudes 11–20.
    1. Davis W. B., Gfeller K. E., Thaut M. H. (2008). An Introduction to Music Therapy: Theory and Practice, 3rd Edn. Spring, MA: American Music Therapy Association.
    1. DeNora T. (2000). Music in Everyday life. Cambridge: Cambridge Press.
    1. Dey I. (2007). “Grounding categories,” in The Sage Handbook of Grounded Theory, eds Bryant A., Charmaz K. (London: Sage; ), 167–190.
    1. Dillman Carpentier F. R., Brown J. D., Bertocci M., Silk J. S., Forbes E. E., Dahl R. C. (2008). Sad kids, sad media? Applying mood management theory to depressed adolescents’ use of media. Media Psychol. 11 143–166.
    1. Dugas M. J., Laugesen N., Bukowski W. M. (2012). Intolerance of uncertainty, fear of anxiety, and adolescent worry. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 40 863–870. 10.1007/s10802-012-9611-1
    1. Finlay L. (2002). “Outing the researcher: the provenance, process and practice of reflexivity. Qual. Health Res. 12 531–545.
    1. Flynn M., Rudolph K. D. (2014). A prospective examination of emotional clarity, stress responses, and depressive symptoms during early adolescence. J. Early Adolesc. 34 923–939. 10.1177/0272431613513959
    1. Freeman D., Freeman J. (2013). The Stressed Sex: Uncovering the Truth About Men, Women and Mental Health. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    1. Garrido S. (2018). The influence of personality and coping style on the affective outcomes of nostalgia: is nostalgia a healthy coping mechanism or rumination? Pers. Individ. Differ. 120 259–264. 10.1016/j.paid.2016.07.021
    1. Garrido S., Bangert D., Schubert E. (2016). Musical prescriptions for mood improvements: a mixed methods study. Arts Psychother. 51 46–53.
    1. Garrido S., Eerola T., McFerran K. (2017). Group rumination: social interactions around music in people with depression. Front. Psychol. 8:490. 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00490
    1. Garrido S., Schubert E. (2013). Adaptive and maladaptive attraction to negative emotion in music. Music. Sci. 17 145–164.
    1. Garrido S., Schubert E. (2015a). Moody melodies: do they cheer us up? A study of the effect of sad music on mood. Psychol. Music 43 244–261. 10.1177/0305735613501938
    1. Garrido S., Schubert E. (2015b). Music and people with tendencies to depression. Music Percept. 32 313–321. 10.1525/MP.2015.32.4.313
    1. Garrido S., Stevens C., Chang E., Dunne L., Perz J. (2018). Music and dementia: individual differences in response to personalized playlists. J. Alzheimer’s Dis. 64 933–941. 10.3233/JAD-180084
    1. Hamel W. J. (2001). The effects of music intervention on anxiety in the patient waiting for cardiac catheterization. Intensiv. Crit. Care Nurs. 17 279–285.
    1. Henry J. D., Crawford J. R. (2005). The short-form version of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS-21): construct validity and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. Br. J. Clin. Psychol. 44 227–239.
    1. Hense C., McFerran K., McGorry P. (2014). Constructing a grounded theory of young people’s recovery of musical identity in mental illness. Arts Psychother. 41 594–603.
    1. Hense C., Silverman M., McFerran K. (2018). Using the healthy-unhealthy uses of music scale as a single session music therapy intervention on an acute young mental health inpatient unit. Music Ther. Perspect. 36 267–276. 10.1093/mtp/miy013
    1. Juslin P. N., Barradas G., Eerola T. (2015). From sound to significance: exploring the mechanisms underlying emotional reactions to music. Am. J. Psychol. 128 281–304.
    1. Keedwell P. (2008). How Sadness Survived: The Evolutionary Basis of Depression. Milton Keynes: Radcliffe Publishing.
    1. Kranzler A., Young J. F., Hankin B. L., Abela J. R. Z., Elias M. J., Selby E. A. (2016). Emotional awareness: a transdiagnostic predictor of depression and anxiety for children and adolescents. J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol. 45 262–269. 10.1080/15374416.2014.987379
    1. Laiho S. (2004). The psychological functions of music in adolescence. Nord. J. Music Ther. 13 47–63.
    1. Lawrence D., Johnson S., Hafekost J., Boterhoven De Hann K., Sawyer M., Ainley J., et al. (2015). The Mental Health of Children and Adolescents. Report on the Second Australian Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Canberra: Department of Health.
    1. Lindner P., Carlbring P., Flodman E., Hebert A., Poysti S., Hagkvist F., et al. (2016). Does cognitive flexibility predict treatment gains in Internet-delivered psychological treatment of social anxiety disorder, depression, or tinnitus? PeerJ 4:e1934. 10.7717/peerj.1934
    1. Lozon J., Bensimon M. (2014). Music misuse: a review of the personal and collective roles of “problem music”. Aggress. Violent Behav. 19 207–218.
    1. Maratos A., Gold C., Wang X., Crawford M. (2009). Music Therapy for Depression. London: The Cochrane Library.
    1. McFerran K. (2016). Contextualising the relationship between music, emotions and the well-being of young people: a critical interpretive synthesis. Music. Sci. 20 103–121.
    1. McFerran K., Garrido S., O’Grady L., Grocke D., Sawyer S. M. (2015). Examining the relationship between self-reported mood management and music preferences in Australian teenagers. Nord. J. Music Ther. 24 1–17. 10.1080/08098131.2014.908942
    1. McFerran K., Garrido S., Saarikallio S. (2016). A critical interpretive synthesis of the literature linking music and adolescent mental health. Youth Soc. 48 521–538.
    1. McFerran K., Hense C., Koike A., Rickwood D. (2018). Intentional music use to reduce psychological distress in adolescents accessing primary mental health care. Clin. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 23 567–581. 10.1177/1359104518767231
    1. McFerran K., Saarikallio S. (2014). Depending on music to feel better: being conscious of responsibility when appropriating the power of music. Arts Psychother. 41 89–97.
    1. Meade T., Dowsell E. (2016). Adolescents health-related quality of life (HRQoL) changes over time: a three year longitudinal study. Health Qual. Life Outcomes 14:14. 10.1186/s12955-016-0415-9
    1. Miranda D., Gaudrea P., Debrosse R., Morizot J., Kirmayer L. (2012). “Music listening and mental health: variations on internalizing psychopathology,” in Music, Health and Wellbeing, eds Raymond A. R. M., Kreutz G., Mitchell L. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press; ), 513–530.
    1. Morse J., Stern P. N., Corbin J., Bowers B., Charmaz K., Clarke A. (2016). Developing Grounded Theory: The Second Generation. New York, NY: Routledge.
    1. National Institute of Mental Health (2017). Major Depression. Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Mental Health.
    1. North A. C., Hargreaves D. J. (2006). Problem music and self-harming. Suicide Life Threat. Behav. 36 582–590.
    1. Oishi S., Schimmack U., Diener E., Kim-Prieto C., Scollon C. N., Choi D.-W. (2007). The value-congruence model of memory for emotional experiences: an explanation for cultural differences in emotional self-reports. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 93 897–905.
    1. O’Keeffe G. S., Clarke-Pearson K. (2011). The impact of social media on children, adolescents and families. Pediatrics 127 800–804. 10.1542/peds.2011-0054
    1. Papinczak Z. E., Dingle G. A., Stoyanov S. R., Hides L., Zelenko O. (2015). Young people’s uses of music for well-being. J. Youth Stud. 18 1119–1134. 10.1080/13676261.2015.1020935
    1. Polanco-Roman L., Jurska J., Quinones V., Miranda R. (2015). Brooding, reflection and distraction: relation to non-suicidal self-injury versus suicide attempts. Arch. Suicide Res. 2015 350–365. 10.1080/13811118.2014.981623
    1. Riggs S. E., Grant P. M., Perivoloitis D., Beck A. T. (2012). Assessment of cognitive insight: a qualitative review. Schizophr. Bull. 38 338–350. 10.1093/schbul/sbq085
    1. Rutter M. (2012). Resilience as a dynamic concept. Dev. Psychopathol. 24 335–344. 10.1017/S0954579412000028
    1. Saarikallio S. (2007). Music as Mood Regulation in Adolescence. yväskylän yliopisto: University of Jyväskylä.
    1. Saarikallio S., Gold C., McFerran K. (2015). Development and validation of the healthy-unhealthy music scale. Child Adolesc. Mental Health 20 210–217.
    1. Strauss A. (1987). Qualitative Analysis for Social Scientists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    1. Strauss A., Corbin J. (2008). Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory, 3rd Edn. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
    1. Sullivan M. D., O’Connor O., Feeney P. (2012). Depression predicts all-cause mortality: epidemiological evaluation from the ACCORD HRQL substudy. Diabetes Care 35 1708–1715. 10.2337/dc11-1791
    1. Trapnell P. D. (1997). Reflection-Rumination Questionnaire Short Forms Data. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia.
    1. WHO (2017). Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva: World Health Organization.
    1. Wilhelm K., Gilllis I., Schubert E., Whittle E. L. (2013). On a blue note: depressed people’s reasons for listening to music. Music Med. 5 76–83.

Source: PubMed

赞助者和合作者

医疗条件

药物干预

3
订阅