New Predictive Biomarkers for Ovarian Cancer

Ghofraan Abdulsalam Atallah, Nor Haslinda Abd Aziz, Chew Kah Teik, Mohamad Nasir Shafiee, Nirmala Chandralega Kampan, Ghofraan Abdulsalam Atallah, Nor Haslinda Abd Aziz, Chew Kah Teik, Mohamad Nasir Shafiee, Nirmala Chandralega Kampan

Abstract

Ovarian cancer is the eighth-most common cause of death among women worldwide. In the absence of distinctive symptoms in the early stages, the majority of women are diagnosed in advanced stages of the disease. Surgical debulking and systemic adjuvant chemotherapy remain the mainstays of treatment, with the development of chemoresistance in up to 75% of patients with subsequent poor treatment response and reduced survival. Therefore, there is a critical need to revisit existing, and identify potential biomarkers that could lead to the development of novel and more effective predictors for ovarian cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The capacity of these biomarkers to predict the existence, stages, and associated therapeutic efficacy of ovarian cancer would enable improvements in the early diagnosis and survival of ovarian cancer patients. This review not only highlights current evidence-based ovarian-cancer-specific prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers but also provides an update on various technologies and methods currently used to identify novel biomarkers of ovarian cancer.

Keywords: DNA repair pathways; biomarkers; cell-cycle-related genes; ovarian cancer; tumour mutation burden.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Summary of the sensitivity and specificity of the most common ovarian cancer biomarkers at early stages (stage I–II) of the disease.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Summary of newly emerging ovarian cancer biomarkers highlighting their primary location in human body fluids.

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