Construction of Bordetella pertussis strains with enhanced production of genetically-inactivated Pertussis Toxin and Pertactin by unmarked allelic exchange
Wasin Buasri, Attawut Impoolsup, Chuenchit Boonchird, Anocha Luengchaichawange, Pannipa Prompiboon, Jean Petre, Watanalai Panbangred, Wasin Buasri, Attawut Impoolsup, Chuenchit Boonchird, Anocha Luengchaichawange, Pannipa Prompiboon, Jean Petre, Watanalai Panbangred
Abstract
Background: Acellular Pertussis vaccines against whooping cough caused by Bordetella pertussis present a much-improved safety profile compared to the original vaccine of killed whole cells. The principal antigen of acellular Pertussis vaccine, Pertussis Toxin (PT), must be chemically inactivated to obtain the corresponding toxoid (PTd). This process, however, results in extensive denaturation of the antigen. The development of acellular Pertussis vaccines containing PTd or recombinant PT (rPT) with inactivated S1, Filamentous Hemagglutinin (FHA), and Pertactin (PRN) has shown that the yield of PRN was limiting, whereas FHA was overproduced. To improve antigen yields and process economics, we have constructed strains of Bordetella pertussis that produce enhanced levels of both rPT and PRN.
Results: Three recombinant strains of Bordetella pertussis were obtained by homologous recombination using an allelic exchange vector, pSS4245. In the first construct, the segment encoding PT subunit S1 was replaced by two mutations (R9K and E129G) that removed PT toxicity and Bp-WWC strain was obtained. In the second construct, a second copy of the whole cluster of PT structural genes containing the above mutations was inserted elsewhere into the chromosome of Bp-WWC and the Bp-WWD strain was obtained. This strain generated increased amounts of rPT (3.77 ± 0.53 μg/mL) compared to Bp-WWC (2.61 ± 0.16 μg/mL) and wild type strain (2.2 μg/mL). In the third construct, a second copy of the prn gene was inserted into the chromosome of Bp-WWD to obtain Bp-WWE. Strain Bp-WWE produced PRN at 4.18 ± 1.02 μg/mL in the cell extract which was about two-fold higher than Bp-WWC (2.48 ± 0.10 μg/mL) and Bp-WWD (2.31 ± 0.17 μg/mL). Purified PTd from Bp-WWD at 0.8-1.6 μg/well did not show any toxicity against Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell whereas purified PT from WT demonstrated a cell clustering endpoint at 2.6 pg/well.
Conclusions: We have constructed Bordetella pertussis strains expressing increased amounts of the antigens, rPT or rPT and PRN. Expression of the third antigen, FHA was unchanged (always in excess). These strains will be useful for the manufacture of affordable acellular Pertussis vaccines.
Figures
References
- Mattoo S, Cherry JD. Molecular pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of respiratory infections due to Bordetella pertussis and other Bordetella subspecies. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005;18:326–382. doi: 10.1128/CMR.18.2.326-382.2005.
- Aristegui J, Usonis V, Coovadia H, Riedemann S, Win KM, Gatchalian S, Bock HL. Facilitating the WHO expanded program of immunization: the clinical profile of a combined diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine. Int J Infect Dis. 2003;7:143–151. doi: 10.1016/S1201-9712(03)90011-7.
- Miller DL, Ross EM, Alderslade R, Bellman MH, Rawson NS. Pertussis immunisation and serious acute neurological illness in children. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1981;282:1595–1599. doi: 10.1136/bmj.282.6276.1595.
- Stuart-Harris C. Benefits and risks of immunization against pertussis. Dev Biol Stand. 1979;43:75–83.
- Sato Y, Sato H. Development of acellular pertussis vaccines. Biologicals. 1999;27:61–69. doi: 10.1006/biol.1999.0181.
- Brown B, Greco D, Mastrantonio P, Salmaso S, Wassilak S. Pertussis vaccine trials. Trial synopses. Dev Biol Stand. 1997;89:37–47.
- Monack D, Munoz JJ, Peacock MG, Black WJ, Falkow S. Expression of pertussis toxin correlates with pathogenesis in Bordetella species. J Infect Dis. 1989;159:205–210. doi: 10.1093/infdis/159.2.205.
- Weiss AA, Hewlett EL. Virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1986;40:661–686. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.40.100186.003305.
- Munoz JJ, Arai H, Cole RL. Mouse-protecting and histamine-sensitizing activities of pertussigen and fimbrial hemagglutinin from Bordetella pertussis. Infect Immun. 1981;32:243–250.
- Loosmore SM, Zealey GR, Boux HA, Cockle SA, Radika K, Fahim RE, Zobrist GJ, Yacoob RK, Chong PC, Yao FL. et al.Engineering of genetically detoxified pertussis toxin analogs for development of a recombinant whooping cough vaccine. Infect Immun. 1990;58:3653–3662.
- Nencioni L, Pizza M, Bugnoli M, De Magistris T, Di Tommaso A, Giovannoni F, Manetti R, Marsili I, Matteucci G, Nucci D. et al.Characterization of genetically inactivated pertussis toxin mutants: candidates for a new vaccine against whooping cough. Infect Immun. 1990;58:1308–1315.
- Pizza M, Covacci A, Bartoloni A, Perugini M, Nencioni L, De Magistris MT, Villa L, Nucci D, Manetti R, Bugnoli M. et al.Mutants of pertussis toxin suitable for vaccine development. Science. 1989;246:497–500. doi: 10.1126/science.2683073.
- Greco D, Salmaso S, Mastrantonio P, Giuliano M, Tozzi AE, Anemona A, Ciofi degli Atti ML, Giammanco A, Panei P, Blackwelder WC. et al.A controlled trial of two acellular vaccines and one whole-cell vaccine against pertussis. Progetto Pertosse Working Group. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:341–348. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199602083340601.
- Makoff AJ, Oxer MD, Ballantine SP, Fairweather NF, Charles IG. Protective surface antigen P69 of Bordetella pertussis: its characterization and very high level expression in Escherichia coli. Biotechnology (N Y) 1990;8:1030–1033. doi: 10.1038/nbt1190-1030.
- Romanos MA, Clare JJ, Beesley KM, Rayment FB, Ballantine SP, Makoff AJ, Dougan G, Fairweather NF, Charles IG. Recombinant Bordetella pertussis pertactin (P69) from the yeast Pichia pastoris: high-level production and immunological properties. Vaccine. 1991;9:901–906. doi: 10.1016/0264-410X(91)90011-T.
- Nicosia A, Bartoloni A, Perugini M, Rappuoli R. Expression and immunological properties of the five subunits of pertussis toxin. Infect Immun. 1987;55:963–967.
- Kotob SI, Hausman SZ, Burns DL. Localization of the promoter for the ptl genes of Bordetella pertussis, which encode proteins essential for secretion of pertussis toxin. Infect Immun. 1995;63:3227–3230.
- Clare JJ, Rayment FB, Ballantine SP, Sreekrishna K, Romanos MA. High-level expression of tetanus toxin fragment C in Pichia pastoris strains containing multiple tandem integrations of the gene. Biotechnology (N Y) 1991;9:455–460. doi: 10.1038/nbt0591-455.
- Rappuoli R. Isolation and characterization of Corynebacterium diphtheriae nontandem double lysogens hyperproducing CRM197. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1983;46:560–564.
- Zealey GR, Loosmore SM, Yacoob RK, Cockle SA, Herbert AB, Miller LD, Mackay NJ, Klein MH. Construction of Bordetella pertussis strains that overproduce genetically inactivated pertussis toxin. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992;58:208–214.
- Loosmore SM, Yacoob RK, Zealey GR, Jackson GE, Yang YP, Chong PS, Shortreed JM, Coleman DC, Cunningham JD, Gisonni L. et al.Hybrid genes over-express pertactin from Bordetella pertussis. Vaccine. 1995;13:571–580. doi: 10.1016/0264-410X(94)00015-F.
- Stibitz S. Use of conditionally counterselectable suicide vectors for allelic exchange. Methods Enzymol. 1994;235:458–465.
- Imaizumi A, Suzuki Y, Ono S, Sato H, Sato Y. Heptakis(2,6-O-dimethyl)beta-cyclodextrin: a novel growth stimulant for Bordetella pertussis phase I. J Clin Microbiol. 1983;17:781–786.
- Imaizumi A, Suzuki Y, Ono S, Sato H, Sato Y. Effect of heptakis (2,6-O-dimethyl) beta-cyclodextrin on the production of pertussis toxin by Bordetella pertussis. Infect Immun. 1983;41:1138–1143.
- Ozcengiz E, Kilinc K, Buyuktanir O, Gunalp A. Rapid purification of pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) by cation-exchange chromatography. Vaccine. 2004;22:1570–1575. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.09.040.
- Capiau C, Desmons P. In Book Method for isolating and purifying Bordetella pertussis antigenic factors (Editor ed.^eds.), vol. 5391715. City: SmithKline Beecham Biologicals; 1995. Method for isolating and purifying Bordetella pertussis antigenic factors.
- Chong P, Jackson G, Cwyk W, Klein M. Simultaneous determination of Bordetella pertussis toxin and filamentous haemagglutinin concentrations by hydroxyapatite high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr. 1990;512:227–236.
- Hewlett EL, Sauer KT, Myers GA, Cowell JL, Guerrant RL. Induction of a novel morphological response in Chinese hamster ovary cells by pertussis toxin. Infect Immun. 1983;40:1198–1203.
- Sauer B. Functional expression of the cre-lox site-specific recombination system in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1987;7:2087–2096.
- Charles I, Fairweather N, Pickard D, Beesley J, Anderson R, Dougan G, Roberts M. Expression of the Bordetella pertussis P.69 pertactin adhesin in Escherichia coli: fate of the carboxy-terminal domain. Microbiology. 1994;140(Pt 12):3301–3308.
- Frohlich BT, De Bernardez Clark ER, Siber GR, Swartz RW. Improved pertussis toxin production by Bordetella pertussis through adjusting the growth medium's ionic composition. J Biotechnol. 1995;39:205–219. doi: 10.1016/0168-1656(95)00013-G.
- Stainer DW, Scholte MJ. A simple chemically defined medium for the production of phase I Bordetella pertussis. J Gen Microbiol. 1970;63:211–220.
- Inatsuka CS, Xu Q, Vujkovic-Cvijin I, Wong S, Stibitz S, Miller JF, Cotter PA. Pertactin is required for Bordetella species to resist neutrophil-mediated clearance. Infect Immun. 2010;78:2901–2909. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00188-10.
- Capiau C, Carr SA, Hemling ME, Pl ainchamp D, Conrath K, Hauser P, Simoen E, Comberbach M, Roelants P, Desmons P, Purification, characterization, and immunological evaluation of the 69-kDa outer membrane protein of Bordetella pertussis. Proceedings of the sixth international symposium on pertussis. Bethesda, Md.: Department of Health and Human Services, United States Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration; 1990. pp. 75–85.
Source: PubMed