Evaluation of Brain Activity Using Near-infrared Spectroscopy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients

Tatsuo Fujiwara, Soichi Kono, Kyoko Katakura, Kazumichi Abe, Atsushi Takahashi, Naohiko Gunji, Aki Yokokawa, Kazumasa Kawashima, Rieko Suzuki, Akira Wada, Itaru Miura, Hirooki Yabe, Hiromasa Ohira, Tatsuo Fujiwara, Soichi Kono, Kyoko Katakura, Kazumichi Abe, Atsushi Takahashi, Naohiko Gunji, Aki Yokokawa, Kazumasa Kawashima, Rieko Suzuki, Akira Wada, Itaru Miura, Hirooki Yabe, Hiromasa Ohira

Abstract

Depression is implicated as a risk factor for the recurrence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are useful tools for evaluation of brain activity and a depressive state, respectively. The aim of this study was to clarify the association between brain activity or depressive symptoms and IBD using NIRS and BDNF. This study included 36 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, 32 Crohn's disease (CD) patients, and 17 healthy controls (HC). Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) scores were determined, NIRS was performed, and serum BDNF levels were measured in all subjects. NIRS showed that the mean oxygenated hemoglobin concentration was significantly lower in the frontal lobe in the UC group than in the HC group (HC 167 ± 106 vs. UC 83.1 ± 85.3, p < 0.05). No significant difference was seen between the HC and CD groups. There were also no significant differences in CED-D scores and BDNF levels among the groups. Changes in the NIRS values of the UC group may indicate decreased brain activity and a fundamental difference between UC and CD, which are often lumped together as two types of IBD.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Comparisons of CES-D scores among the HC, UC, and CD groups; HC, active UC, and UC in remission groups; and HC, active CD, and CD in remission groups. (a) Scores in the UC and CD groups do not differ significantly from HC group scores. (b) Scores in the active UC group are significantly higher compared with the HC group. (c) Scores in the active CD and remission CD groups do not differ significantly from HC group scores.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Measurement points of 52 channels for near-infrared spectroscopy. The measuring positions of the device are superimposed on the 3D-reconstructed cerebral surface, based on magnetic resonance imaging, in the right temporal (a), frontal (b), and left temporal (c) brain regions. The 52 measuring positions are labeled channel (ch) 1 to 52, from the right posterior to the left posterior.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) Comparison of changes in mean oxy-Hb concentration in the HC (green) and UC (red) groups. (b) Topographic map of the differences in mean oxy-Hb concentration changes between the UC and HC groups. THE mean oxy-Hb concentration is significantly decreased in the UC group (p < 0.05 in channels 4, 8, 14, 15, 17, 18, 25 to 29, 37, 46, 47, 49, and 50 (yellow) and p < 0.01 in channels 9, 19, 35, 36, 38, 39, 45, and 48 (red)).
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Comparison of changes in mean oxy-Hb concentrations in the HC (green) and CD (blue) groups. (b) Topographic map of the differences in mean oxy-Hb concentration changes between the CD and HC groups. No significant differences are noted in any channel.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) Comparison of changes in the mean oxy-Hb concentration in the HC (green) and active UC (purple) groups. The mean oxy-Hb concentration is significantly decreased in the active UC patients (p < 0.05 in channels 3, 9, 24, 35, 36, 38, 39, 46 and 47 (yellow) and p < 0.01 in channel 49 (red)). (b) Comparison of changes in the mean oxy-Hb concentration in the HC (green) and UC in remission (red) groups. The mean oxy-Hb concentration is significantly decreased in the patients with UC in remission (p < 0.05 in channels 8, 9, 14, 15, 18, 23, 28, 29, 35, 37, 39, 46 to 48, and 50 (yellow) and p < 0.01 in channels 19, 36, 38, and 45 (red)).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Time-dependent changes in oxy-hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) concentration in an NIRS signal waveform (sample). The average waveforms of time-dependent changes in mean oxy-Hb concentrations in the channels. (1) 10-s pre-task baseline period (2) 60-s activation period (3) in the 55-s post-task baseline period.

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Source: PubMed

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