3D Printing Applications in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery

Megan R Hsu, Meraaj S Haleem, Wellington Hsu, Megan R Hsu, Meraaj S Haleem, Wellington Hsu

Abstract

3D printing (3DP) technology continues to gain popularity among medical specialties as a useful tool to improve patient care. The field of spine surgery is one discipline that has utilized this; however, information regarding the use of 3DP in minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) is limited. 3D printing is currently being utilized in spine surgery to create biomodels, hardware templates and guides, and implants. Minimally invasive spine surgeons have begun to adopt 3DP technology, specifically with the use of biomodeling to optimize preoperative planning. Factors limiting widespread adoption of 3DP include increased time, cost, and the limited range of diagnoses in which 3DP has thus far been utilized. 3DP technology has become a valuable tool utilized by spine surgeons, and there are limitless directions in which this technology can be applied to minimally invasive spine surgery.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Subtractive manufacturing versus (b) additive manufacturing (source: reproduced and adapted with permission from Ambrosi et al.).
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Scoliosis. (b) Atlas neoplasm. (c) and (d) Cervical fracture-dislocation (source: reproduced and adapted with permission from Wang et al.).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Surgical simulation demonstrating virtual channel placement (a–d). 3DP thoracic vertebra for preoperative planning (e) (source: reproduced and adapted with permission from Zhao et al.).
Figure 4
Figure 4
3DP drill guide custom designed to fit a biomodel of 57-year-old male with atlantoaxial dislocation (source: reproduced and adapted with permission from Guo et al.).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Navigation template-assisted pedicle screw fixation in upper cervical spine. (a) Navigation template pressed to fit with vertebra. (b) Placement of navigation protective sleeve. (c) Kirschner wire perforated along protective sleeve. (d) Pedicle screw fixation (source: reproduced and adapted with permission from Guo et al.).
Figure 6
Figure 6
CT with proposed 3DP titanium C1-C2 prosthesis overlaid (source: reproduced and adapted with permission from Phan et al.).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Intraoperative implantation of 3DP custom printed spinal prosthesis for a posterior C1-C2 fusion (source: reproduced and adapted with permission from Phan et al.).

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Source: PubMed

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