Emotional Differences in Young and Older Adults: Films as Mood Induction Procedure

Luz Fernández-Aguilar, Jorge Ricarte, Laura Ros, Jose M Latorre, Luz Fernández-Aguilar, Jorge Ricarte, Laura Ros, Jose M Latorre

Abstract

Film clips are proven to be one of the most efficient techniques in emotional induction. However, there is scant literature on the effect of this procedure in older adults and, specifically, the effect of using different positive stimuli. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine emotional differences between young and older adults and to know how a set of film clips works as mood induction procedure in older adults, especially, when trying to elicit attachment-related emotions. To this end, we use this procedure to analyze differences in subjective emotional response between young and older adults. A sample of 57 older adults and 83 young adults watched a film set previously validated in young population. Their responses were studied in an individual laboratory session to elicit 6 target emotions (disgust, fear, sadness, anger, amusement and tenderness) and neutral state. Self-reported emotional experience was measured using the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM). Our results show that film clips are capable of evoking positive and negative emotions in older adults. Furthermore, older adults experienced more intensely negative emotions than young adults, especially in response to disgust and fear clips. They also reported higher arousal than young adults, especially in the case of sadness, anger and tenderness clips. Nevertheless, the older adults recovered more easily from the effects of the emotion induction. The young adults reported higher arousal ratings than older adults in response to amusement film clips. On the other hand, this study reflects the importance of controlling the baseline state to study the real strength of mood induction. Overall, current data suggests significant differences occur in emotional response in adult age and that film clips are an effective tool for studying positive and negative emotions in aging research.

Keywords: aging; emotion regulation; emotion response; film clips; mood induction.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Example of sequence. Time course of events in one sequence. (A) Fixation cross. (B) Mean length of exposure to the clip. (C) Completion of the self-assessment manikin (SAM). (D) Distraction task.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Self-reported valence of participants by film condition and age group. Participant-level means of baseline and emotional target categories. Error bars depict standard error (SE) values. *p < 0.05.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Self-reported arousal of participants by film condition and age group. Participant-level means of baseline and emotional target categories. Error bars depict standard error (SE) values. *p < 0.05.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Self-reported valence of participants by film condition and age group. Participant-level means of differences between targets scores and baseline categories. Error bars depict standard error (SE) values. *p < 0.05.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Self-reported arousal of participants by film condition and age group. Participant-level means of differences between emotional targets scores and baseline categories. Error bars depict standard error (SE) values. *p < 0.05.

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