First-line antiretroviral therapy with nevirapine versus lopinavir-ritonavir based regimens in a resource-limited setting

Nathan Clumeck, Claude Mwamba, Kabamba Kabeya, Serge Matanda, Dolorès Vaira, Coca Necsoi, David Kadiebwe, Marc Delforge, Eric Kasamba, Chantal Milolo, Joe Ilunga, Liévin Kapend, Nathan Clumeck, Claude Mwamba, Kabamba Kabeya, Serge Matanda, Dolorès Vaira, Coca Necsoi, David Kadiebwe, Marc Delforge, Eric Kasamba, Chantal Milolo, Joe Ilunga, Liévin Kapend

Abstract

Objective: To compare WHO first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) with nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)-based regimen with a boosted protease inhibitor (bPI) regimen in a resource-limited setting regarding treatment outcome and emergence of drug resistance mutations (DRMs).

Methods: Treatment-naive adults were randomized to nevirapine (NVP) or ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) regimens each in combination with tenofovir (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC) or zidovudine (ZDV)/lamivudine (3TC). Primary endpoint was the incidence of therapeutical (clinical and/or virologic) failure at week 48 with follow-up till week 96.

Results: Four hundred and twenty-five patients (120 men; 305 women) received at least one dose of the study drug. mITT analysis showed no difference in proportion of therapeutical failure between treatment arms [67/209 (32%) in NVP vs. 63/216 (29%) LPV/r at week 48 (P = 0.53); 88/209 (42%) in NVP vs. 83/216 (38%) in LPV/r at week 96 (P = 0.49)]. Per-protocol analysis demonstrated significantly more virologic failure with NVP than with LPV/r regimens [at week 48: 19/167 (11%) vs. 7/166 (4%), P = 0.014; at week 96: 27/158 (17%) vs. 13/159 (8%), P = 0.019)]. Drug resistance mutations to NNRTI were detected in 19 out of 22 (86.3%) and dual-class resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and NNRTI in 15 out of 27 (68.2%) of NVP failing patients. K65R mutation was present in seven out of 14 patients failing NVP-TDF/FTC regimen. No major protease inhibitor-DRM was detected among LPV/r failing patients. Discontinuation for adverse events was similar between treatment groups.

Conclusion: In resource-limited settings, first-line NNRTI-NRTI regimen as compared with bPI-based regimen provides similar outcome but is associated with a significantly higher number of virologic failure and resistance mutations in both classes that jeopardize future options for second-line therapy.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01772940.

Figures

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Fig. 1
Individual's disposition.

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Source: PubMed

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