Saturated Fats from Butter but Not from Cheese Increase HDL-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux Capacity from J774 Macrophages in Men and Women with Abdominal Obesity

Didier Brassard, Benoît J Arsenault, Marjorie Boyer, Daniela Bernic, Maude Tessier-Grenier, Denis Talbot, Angelo Tremblay, Emile Levy, Bela Asztalos, Peter J H Jones, Patrick Couture, Benoît Lamarche, Didier Brassard, Benoît J Arsenault, Marjorie Boyer, Daniela Bernic, Maude Tessier-Grenier, Denis Talbot, Angelo Tremblay, Emile Levy, Bela Asztalos, Peter J H Jones, Patrick Couture, Benoît Lamarche

Abstract

Background: Recent evidence suggests that the association between dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and coronary artery disease risk varies according to food sources. How SFAs from butter and cheese influence HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), a key process in reverse cholesterol transport, is currently unknown.

Objective: In a predefined secondary analysis of a previously published trial, we have examined how diets rich in SFAs from either cheese or butter influence HDL-mediated CEC, compared with diets rich in either monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).

Methods: In a randomized crossover controlled consumption trial, 46 men and women with abdominal obesity consumed 5 isocaloric diets, each for 4 wk. Two diets were rich in SFAs either from cheese (CHEESE) or butter (BUTTER) [12.4-12.6% of energy (%E) as SFAs, 32%E as fat, 52%E as carbohydrates]. In 2 other diets, SFAs (5.8%E) were replaced with either MUFAs from refined olive oil (MUFA) or PUFAs from corn oil (PUFA). Finally, a lower fat and carbohydrate diet was used as a control (5.8%E as SFAs, 25.0%E as fat, 59%E as carbohydrates; CHO). Post-diet HDL-mediated CEC was determined ex vivo using radiolabelled J774 macrophages incubated with apolipoprotein B-depleted serum from the participants.

Results: Mean (±SD) age was 41.4 ± 14.2 y, and waist circumference was 107.6 ± 11.5 cm in men and 94.3 ± 12.4 cm in women. BUTTER and MUFA increased HDL-mediated CEC compared with CHEESE (+4.3%, P = 0.026 and +4.7%, P = 0.031, respectively). Exploring the significant diet × sex interaction (P = 0.044) revealed that the increase in HDL-mediated CEC after BUTTER compared with CHEESE was significant among men (+6.0%, P = 0.047) but not women (+2.9%, P = 0.19), whereas the increase after MUFA compared with CHEESE was significant among women (+9.1%, P = 0.008) but not men (-0.6%, P = 0.99).

Conclusion: These results provide evidence of a food matrix effect modulating the impact of dairy SFAs on HDL-mediated CEC with potential sex-related differences that deserve further investigation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02106208.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Change in endpoint HDL-mediated CEC measured in J774 macrophages after consuming the 4 high-fat diets compared with CHO (reference diet) in men and women with abdominal obesity. Results are expressed as the post-intervention mean (±SEM) HDL-mediated CEC differences between CHEESE, BUTTER, MUFA, or PUFA and CHO. Analyses were performed on log-transformed data. n = 46 (CHEESE, CHO), n = 44 (BUTTER, MUFA), n = 43 (PUFA). *Significantly different from CHO, P < 0.05. #Significantly different from CHEESE, P < 0.05. BUTTER, diet rich in SFAs from butter; CEC, cholesterol efflux capacity; CHEESE, diet rich in SFAs from cheese; CHO, diet in which SFAs were substituted for by carbohydrates; MUFA, diet in which SFAs were replaced by MUFAs; PUFA, diet in which SFAs were replaced by PUFAs; tx, treatment.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Change in endpoint HDL-mediated CEC measured in J774 macrophages after consuming the 4 high-fat diets compared with CHO (reference diet) in men (A) and women (B) with abdominal obesity. Results are expressed as the post-intervention mean (±SEM) HDL-mediated CEC differences between CHEESE, BUTTER, MUFA, or PUFA and CHO in men (n = 21) and women (n = 25). Analyses were performed on log-transformed data. P-treatment by sex interaction = 0.044 (mixed model). *Significantly different from CHO, P < 0.05. #Significantly different from CHEESE, P < 0.05. †Significantly different from PUFA, P < 0.05. BUTTER, diet rich in SFAs from butter; CEC, cholesterol efflux capacity; CHO, diet in which SFAs were substituted for by carbohydrates; MUFA, diet in which SFAs were replaced by MUFAs; PUFA, diet in which SFAs were replaced by PUFAs; tx, treatment.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Spearman rank correlation coefficients between the changes in HDL-mediated CEC from J774 macrophages and concurrent changes in LDL cholesterol (SFAs from butter compared with CHO) in men (A) (n = 20) and women (B) (n = 24). Correlation was significant in men (rs = 0.45, P = 0.048) but not in women (rs = 0.27, P = 0.20). CEC, cholesterol efflux capacity; CHO, diet in which SFAs were substituted for by carbohydrate; LDL-C, LDL cholesterol; ∆, change.

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Source: PubMed

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