Efficacy of Proanthocyanidins from Pelargonium sidoides Root Extract in Reducing P. gingivalis Viability While Preserving Oral Commensal S. salivarius

Nijole Savickiene, Aiste Jekabsone, Lina Raudone, Asmaa S Abdelgeliel, Andrea Cochis, Lia Rimondini, Elina Makarova, Solveiga Grinberga, Osvalds Pugovics, Maija Dambrova, Ingrida M Pacauskiene, Nomeda Basevičiene, Pranas Viškelis, Nijole Savickiene, Aiste Jekabsone, Lina Raudone, Asmaa S Abdelgeliel, Andrea Cochis, Lia Rimondini, Elina Makarova, Solveiga Grinberga, Osvalds Pugovics, Maija Dambrova, Ingrida M Pacauskiene, Nomeda Basevičiene, Pranas Viškelis

Abstract

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics and the disruption of beneficial microbiota are key problems in contemporary medicine and make the search for new, more efficient infection treatment strategies among the most important tasks in medicine. Multicomponent plant-derived preparations with mild antibacterial activity created by many simultaneous mechanisms together with anti-inflammatory, innate immune and regenerative capacity-stimulating properties are good candidates for this therapy, and proanthocyanidins are among the most promising compounds of this sort. In this study, we have isolated proanthocyanidins from Pelargonium sidoides DC root extract and characterized and compared the composition, antioxidant properties and antibacterial activity of the proanthocyanidin fraction with those of the whole extract. The results revealed that proanthocyanidins had significantly stronger antioxidant capacity compared to the root extract and exhibited a unique antibacterial action profile that selectively targets Gram-negative keystone periodontal and peri-implant pathogenic strains, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, while preserving the viability of beneficial oral commensal Streptococcus salivarius. The finding suggests that proanthocyanidins from Pelargonium sidoides root extract are good candidates for the prolonged and harmless treatment of infectious diseases.

Keywords: LC/MS/MS; Pelargonium sidoides root extract; antioxidant activity; bacteriotoxicity; proanthocyanidins.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Content of phenolic compounds (mg/g) determined in Pelargonium sidoides root extract (PSRE).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Antibacterial activity of Pelargonium sidoides root extract (PSRE). The extract at all tested concentrations (expressed as g/mL) induced a significant reduction of P. gingivalis (A) or S. salivarius (B) viability in comparison with the untreated control (p < 0.01, indicated by the *). Values are represented as the mean ± SD of 16 independent measurements.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Antibacterial activity of proanthocyanidins (PACN). A different activity was noticed for various concentrations (expressed as mg/mL). For P. gingivalis (A) only concentrations >0.03 mg/mL were effective in significantly reducing viability (p < 0.01, indicated by the *) with results of approximately 10%. By contrast, PACN had moderate effect on (B) S. salivarius in comparison to P. gingivalis. Values are represented as the mean ± SD of 16 independent measurements.

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Source: PubMed

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