Dose of Early Therapeutic Mobility: Does Frequency or Intensity Matter?

Abstract

Objective: Investigate the feasibility of a nurse-led mobility protocol and compare the effects of once- versus twice-daily episodes of early therapeutic mobility (ETM) and low- versus moderate-intensity ETM on serum biomarkers of inflammation and selected outcomes in critically ill adults.

Design: Randomized interventional study with repeated measures and blinded assessment of outcomes.

Setting: Four adult intensive care units (ICUs) in two academic medical centers.

Subjects: Fifty-four patients with > 48 hr of mechanical ventilation (MV).

Intervention: Patients were assigned to once- or twice-daily ETM via sealed envelope randomization at enrollment. Intensity of (in-bed vs. out-of-bed) ETM was administered according to protocolized patient assessment.

Measurements: Interleukins 6, 10, 8, 15, and tumor necrosis factor-α were collected from serum before and after ETM; change scores were used in the analyses. Manual muscle and handgrip strength, delirium onset, duration of MV, and ICU length of stay (LOS) were evaluated as patient outcomes.

Main results: Hypotheses regarding the inflammatory biomarkers were not supported based on confidence intervals. Twice-daily intervention was associated with reduced ICU LOS. Moderate-intensity (out-of-bed) ETM was associated with greater manual muscle test scores and handgrip strength and reduced occurrence of delirium.

Conclusion: Findings from this study suggest that nurses can provide twice-daily mobility interventions that include sitting on the edge of the bed once patients have a stable status without altering a pro-inflammatory serum biomarker profile.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00999011.

Keywords: ICU; cytokines; delirium; mechanical ventilation; mobility; muscle strength; rehabilitation.

Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.

Diagram illustrating enrollment procedures.