Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication - Nigeria, January-December 2017

Omotayo Bolu, Chimeremma Nnadi, Eunice Damisa, Fiona Braka, Anisur Siddique, W Roodly Archer, Philip Bammeke, Richard Banda, Jeffrey Higgins, Aboyowa Edukugo, Gatei Wa Nganda, Joseph C Forbi, Hongmei Liu, Saheed Gidado, Mohammed Soghaier, Richard Franka, Ndadilnasiya Waziri, Cara C Burns, John Vertefeuille, Eric Wiesen, Usman Adamu, Omotayo Bolu, Chimeremma Nnadi, Eunice Damisa, Fiona Braka, Anisur Siddique, W Roodly Archer, Philip Bammeke, Richard Banda, Jeffrey Higgins, Aboyowa Edukugo, Gatei Wa Nganda, Joseph C Forbi, Hongmei Liu, Saheed Gidado, Mohammed Soghaier, Richard Franka, Ndadilnasiya Waziri, Cara C Burns, John Vertefeuille, Eric Wiesen, Usman Adamu

Abstract

Nearly three decades after the World Health Assembly launched the Global Polio Eradication Initiative in 1988, four of the six World Health Organization (WHO) regions have been certified polio-free (1). Nigeria is one of three countries, including Pakistan and Afghanistan, where wild poliovirus (WPV) transmission has never been interrupted. In September 2015, after >1 year without any reported WPV cases, Nigeria was removed from WHO's list of countries with endemic WPV transmission (2); however, during August and September 2016, four type 1 WPV (WPV1) cases were reported from Borno State, a state in northeastern Nigeria experiencing a violent insurgency (3). The Nigerian government, in collaboration with partners, launched a large-scale coordinated response to the outbreak (3). This report describes progress in polio eradication activities in Nigeria during January-December 2017 and updates previous reports (3-5). No WPV cases have been reported in Nigeria since September 2016; the latest case had onset of paralysis on August 21, 2016 (3). However, polio surveillance has not been feasible in insurgent-controlled areas of Borno State. Implementation of new strategies has helped mitigate the challenges of reaching and vaccinating children living in security-compromised areas, and other strategies are planned. Despite these initiatives, however, approximately 130,000-210,000 (28%-45%) of the estimated 469,000 eligible children living in inaccessible areas in 2016 have not been vaccinated. Sustained efforts to optimize surveillance and improve immunization coverage, especially among children in inaccessible areas, are needed.

Conflict of interest statement

No conflicts of interest were reported.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Accessibility of local government areas to polio eradication program personnel, by ward — Borno State, Nigeria, September 2015
Figure 2
Figure 2
Polio vaccination coverage, by area — Borno State, Nigeria, August 2016–October 2017

References

    1. Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Semiannual report on the progress against the Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2017.
    1. World Health Organization. WHO removes Nigeria from polio-endemic list. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2015.
    1. Nnadi C, Damisa E, Esapa L, et al. Continued endemic wild poliovirus transmission in security-compromised areas—Nigeria, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017;66:190–3. 10.15585/mmwr.mm6607a2
    1. Etsano A, Damisa E, Shuaib F, et al. Environmental isolation of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus after interruption of wild poliovirus transmission—Nigeria, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016;65:770–3. 10.15585/mmwr.mm6530a4
    1. Etsano A, Gunnala R, Shuaib F, et al. Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication—Nigeria, January 2014–July 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2015;64:878–82. 10.15585/mmwr.mm6432a5
    1. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Relief Web: Nigeria: humanitarian dashboard. New York, NY: United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs; 2016.
    1. Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Surveillance indicators. Geneva, Switzerland: Global Polio Eradication Initiative; 2017.
    1. e-Health Africa. Auto-visual AFP detection and reporting (AVADAR). Lavaur, France: Fondation Pierre Fabre, e-Health Africa; 2017.
    1. CDC. GRASP propels polio vaccination by locating remote Nigerian villages. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2017.
    1. Gunnala R, Ogbuanu IU, Adegoke OJ, et al. Routine vaccination coverage in northern Nigeria: results from 40 district-level cluster surveys, 2014–2015. PLoS One 2016;11:e0167835. 10.1371/journal.pone.0167835

Source: PubMed

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