The epidemiology of acne vulgaris in late adolescence

Darren D Lynn, Tamara Umari, Cory A Dunnick, Robert P Dellavalle, Darren D Lynn, Tamara Umari, Cory A Dunnick, Robert P Dellavalle

Abstract

Importance: Acne vulgaris is the most common skin condition affecting late adolescents across the globe. Although prior studies have evaluated epidemiologic patterns of acne vulgaris in various ethnicities and regions, adequate understanding of the worldwide burden of the disease associated with patients in their late adolescence (15-19-year olds) remains lacking.

Objective: To assess the global burden of the disease associated with acne vulgaris for late adolescents (15-19-year olds) and provide an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for acne in this population.

Design: Database summary study.

Setting: Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 database.

Participants: Global Burden of Disease regions comprised countries with prevalence of acne vulgaris between the ages of 15 and 19 years.

Main outcomes and measures: Geographic region-level disability-adjusted life year rates (per 100,000 persons) associated with acne vulgaris in years 1990 through 2010. Median percentage change in disability-adjusted life year rates was estimated for each region across the specified study period.

Conclusion and relevance: Acne vulgaris-associated disease burden exhibits global distribution and has continued to grow in prevalence over time within this population. This continued growth suggests an unmet dermatologic need worldwide for this disorder and potential opportunities for improved access and delivery of dermatologic care. Our analysis of the literature reveals numerous opportunities for enhanced patient care. To that end, we highlight some of the effective and promising treatments currently available and address important factors, such as sex, nationality, genetics, pathophysiology, and diet, as they relate to acne vulgaris in late adolescence.

Keywords: GBD; diet; epidemiology; hormones; review.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Acne vulgaris in late adolescence around the globe. Notes: (A) The proportional rate of DALYs of 15–19-year olds in a given region for acne vulgaris. (B) This figure demonstrates a similar finding when comparing developing and developed countries. Abbreviation: DALY, disability-adjusted life year.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cellular mechanisms hypothesized to govern the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Abbreviations: GnRH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone; IGF, insulin growth factor; DHT, dihydrotestosterone; FoxO1, Forkhead box protein O1; mTORC, mammalian target of rapamycin.
Figure 3
Figure 3
An earlier puberty onset for females triggers a higher incidence of acne vulgaris in the younger age ranges compared to men, regardless of a country’s economic level. Note: Change in the rates of incidence across all age categories compared between 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2005 were negligible and, therefore, not included in the data set. Abbreviation: YLD, years living with the disability.

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Source: PubMed

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