Relationship between Age at Menarche and Metabolic Syndrome in Premenopausal Women: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014

Yun-Seo Hwang, Eun-Joo Park, Jong-Gi Choi, Hyo-Eun Kim, Seung-Guk Park, Sun-Mi Yoo, Yun-Seo Hwang, Eun-Joo Park, Jong-Gi Choi, Hyo-Eun Kim, Seung-Guk Park, Sun-Mi Yoo

Abstract

Background: Early menarche may be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between age at menarche and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean premenopausal women.

Methods: We used nationally representative data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013 to 2014, and 3,023 premenopausal women aged 20-55 years were our subjects. We defined early menarche as age at first menstrual period less than 12 years. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between age at menarche and MetS after adjusting for current age, and socioeconomic, lifestyle, and reproductive variables.

Results: MetS was much more common in women aged 40-55 years than in women aged 20-39 years (4.1% vs. 15.1%). Compared with women who experienced menarche at age 12-15 years, the risk of MetS in the early menarche group was not higher in either age group, after adjusting for current age, and socioeconomic, lifestyle, and reproductive variables (odds ratio [OR], 1.767; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.718-4.351 in those aged 20-39 years; OR, 1.780; 95% CI, 0.775-4.085 in those aged 40-55 years). The risk of MetS in women with menarche at age ≥16 years was not higher than in women with menarche at age 12-15 years.

Conclusion: Early or late menarche was not associated with an increased risk of MetS in premenopausal Korean women. Even before menopause, current age has a major influence on the development of MetS.

Keywords: Menarche; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity; Premenopause.

Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

References

    1. Dvornyk V. Genetics of age at menarche: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update. 2012;18:198–210.
    1. Freedman DS, Khan LK, Serdula MK, Dietz WH, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS. Relation of age at menarche to race, time period, and anthropometric dimensions: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Pediatrics. 2002;110:e43.
    1. Wronka I, Pawlinska-Chmara R. Menarcheal age and socio-economic factors in Poland. Ann Hum Biol. 2005;32:630–8.
    1. Lim SW, Ahn JH, Lee JA, Kim DH, Seo JH, Lim JS. Early menarche is associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in premenopausal Korean women. Eur J Pediatr. 2016;175:97–104.
    1. Canoy D, Beral V, Balkwill A, Wright FL, Kroll ME, Reeves GK, et al. Age at menarche and risks of coronary heart and other vascular diseases in a large UK cohort. Circulation. 2015;131:237–44.
    1. Glueck CJ, Morrison JA, Wang P, Woo JG. Early and late menarche are associated with oligomenorrhea and predict metabolic syndrome 26 years later. Metabolism. 2013;62:1597–606.
    1. Lakshman R, Forouhi NG, Sharp SJ, Luben R, Bingham SA, Khaw KT, et al. Early age at menarche associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94:4953–60.
    1. Kivimaki M, Lawlor DA, Smith GD, Elovainio M, Jokela M, Keltikangas-Jarvinen L, et al. Association of age at menarche with cardiovascular risk factors, vascular structure, and function in adulthood: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87:1876–82.
    1. Jordan SJ, Webb PM, Green AC. Height, age at menarche, and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14:2045–8.
    1. Gohlke B, Woelfle J. Growth and puberty in German children: is there still a positive secular trend? Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2009;106:377–82.
    1. Rigon F, Bianchin L, Bernasconi S, Bona G, Bozzola M, Buzi F, et al. Update on age at menarche in Italy: toward the leveling off of the secular trend. J Adolesc Health. 2010;46:238–44.
    1. Talma H, Schonbeck Y, van Dommelen P, Bakker B, van Buuren S, Hirasing RA. Trends in menarcheal age between 1955 and 2009 in the Netherlands. PLoS One. 2013;8:e60056.
    1. Anderson SE, Must A. Interpreting the continued decline in the average age at menarche: results from two nationally representative surveys of U.S. girls studied 10 years apart. J Pediatr. 2005;147:753–60.
    1. Ahn JH, Lim SW, Song BS, Seo J, Lee JA, Kim DH, et al. Age at menarche in the Korean female: secular trends and relationship to adulthood body mass index. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2013;18:60–4.
    1. Freedman DS, Khan LK, Serdula MK, Dietz WH, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS, et al. The relation of menarcheal age to obesity in childhood and adulthood: the Bogalusa heart study. BMC Pediatr. 2003;3:3.
    1. Charalampopoulos D, McLoughlin A, Elks CE, Ong KK. Age at menarche and risks of all-cause and cardiovascular death: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 2014;180:29–40.
    1. Schwarz EB, Ray RM, Stuebe AM, Allison MA, Ness RB, Freiberg MS, et al. Duration of lactation and risk factors for maternal cardiovascular disease. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;113:974–82.
    1. Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, Donato KA, et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation. 2009;120:1640–5.
    1. Lee SY, Park HS, Kim DJ, Han JH, Kim SM, Cho GJ, et al. Appropriate waist circumference cutoff points for central obesity in Korean adults. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2007;75:72–80.
    1. Cho GJ, Park HT, Shin JH, Kim T, Hur JY, Kim YT, et al. The relationship between reproductive factors and metabolic syndrome in Korean postmenopausal women: Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey 2005. Menopause. 2009;16:998–1003.
    1. Cui R, Iso H, Toyoshima H, Date C, Yamamoto A, Kikuchi S, et al. Relationships of age at menarche and menopause, and reproductive year with mortality from cardiovascular disease in Japanese postmenopausal women: the JACC study. J Epidemiol. 2006;16:177–84.
    1. Cho YJ, Lee GH. Association of age at menarche with metabolic syndrome and components of metabolic syndrome in premenopausal women, Korea National Health and nutrition examination survey VI. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries. 2016;36:345–51.
    1. Kaplowitz PB. Link between body fat and the timing of puberty. Pediatrics. 2008;121 Suppl 3:S208–17.
    1. Tchernof A, Despres JP. Sex steroid hormones, sex hormone-binding globulin, and obesity in men and women. Horm Metab Res. 2000;32:526–36.
    1. Christakou CD, Diamanti-Kandarakis E. Role of androgen excess on metabolic aberrations and cardiovascular risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Womens Health (Lond) 2008;4:583–94.

Source: PubMed

赞助者和合作者

医疗条件

药物干预

3
订阅